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==JOB1: (2014maj14)

News News ItemCompeting for milk can be a stressful thing for hyena twin siblingsResearchers demonstrate for the first time in a free-ranging mammal that hunger and conflict for access to resources can be “stressful” for subordinate siblings and socially challenged dominant siblings.News ItemDeath of a Polar BearA new scanning-and-prototyping technique has helped to explain why Knut, the world-famous polar bear, died suddenly in front of hundreds of shocked visitors to the Berlin Zoological Garden last month.News ItemKnut the polar bear’s medical legacyKnut, the polar bear of the Berlin Zoological Garden, drowned in 2011 after suffering seizures and falling into the enclosure pond. Necropsy and histology at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research suggested the cause was encephalitis most likely due to viral infection.News ItemNeighbors move electrons jointly – an ultrafast molecular movie on metal complexes in a crystalApplying femtosecond x-ray methods, researchers observed an extremely fast, collective electron transfer of ~100 molecular ions.News ItemYou are what (and where) you eat – mercury pollution threatens Arctic foxesNew scientific results show that arctic foxes accumulate dangerous levels of mercury if they live in coastal habitats and feed on prey which lives in the ocean.News ItemViruses jumping species and zoo polar bear diseaseZoos bring together different animal species that would never encounter each other in the wild. It has now been shown that a recombinant zebra-derived virus that had jumped into other species.Imagemodell_springende_viren-en News ItemThe climb to the pouch begins in uteroScientists have visualised the short pregnancy of a small species of the kangaroo and wallaby family of marsupials by high-resolution ultrasound. They observed climbing movements of the tiny fetus up to three days before birth.News ItemPowerful all-rounders: FBH’s laser modules in matchbox sizeAt Laser World of Photonics, the Ferdinand-Braun-Institut highlights its miniaturized laser beam sources which are suitable for a variety of applications, from material processing to display technology.News ItemGenome-invading retroviruses are a nasty surpriseBy integrating themselves into the germ line of their host, retroviruses change the genetic code of their host. This process may take longer than expected, with the virus continuing to have a serious pathological impact …ImageMBI-Epitaxation News ItemHow electrons outrun vibrating nuclei – the x-ray movieResearchers at the Max-Born-Institute, Berlin, Germany, resolved spatial oscillations of electrons in a crystal by taking a real-time ‘movie’ with ultrashort x-ray flashes. Outer electrons move forth and back over the length of a chemical bond and modulate the electric properties while the tiny elongation of the inner electrons and the atomic nuclei is less than 1 % of this distance.News ItemAttosecond electron dynamics in moleculesOne of the visions guiding current research on the application of attosecond (1 as = 10-18 s) laser pulses to molecules is the possibility of controlling molecular processes by manipulating valence electrons on attosecond to few femtosecond (1 fs = 10-15s) timescales.News ItemHow the koala retrovirus genome evolvedRetroviruses invaded the genome of koalas with strongly pathological effects: the viruses weaken the immune defense and threaten the viability of the already reduced koala population.News ItemJust like reality – award for 3D simulation softwareDr. Hang Si is awarded the “SGP Award” for his research regarding 3D modelling. He is presented this award for software in geometry processing that has significantly contributed to scientific development in this field.News ItemEating poisonous plants saves life of gemsbok in Namibian desertHow can different dietary strategies secure the co-existence of two herbivore species in adverse ecosystems? In drought periods grazing gemsbok switch their diet to a high proportion of poisonous plants – and they survive.News ItemLaser for minimally invasive brain surgery developedResearchers from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) were involved in the development of a table-top solid-state laser system that could cut brain tissue with unprecedented precision.ImageMBI_Ionisation News ItemTransfer Prize goes to the Ferdinand-Braun-InstitutA Ferdinand-Braun-Institut team has been awarded for sustainable transfer of specifically powerful diode lasers for materials processing. In this field, the FBH closely cooperates with Jenoptik and thus ensures rapid transfer of state-of-the-art devel-opments into an industrial environment.News ItemLet there be light: GoPhoton! is ready for launchGoPhoton!, a Pan European outreach project that aims to promote and raise awareness about the ubiquity and industrial and societal importance of the technologies enabled by Photonics.News ItemDr. Martin Hempel receives the Adlershof Dissertation Prize 2013On February 13, the Adlershof Dissertation Award was granted to Dr. Martin Hempel of the Max-Born-Institute (MBI). In competition with two other nominees and according to the jury's unanimous opinion …News ItemThe buried code to healthy ageingThe naked mole-rat is becoming a new object in age research. Jena`s Leibniz Institute for Age Research (Fritz Lipmann-Institut [FLI]) and Berlin`s Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) from Germany are jointly starting a project for aging research in 2012.Imageappshoteng News ItemMore than 10,000 citizen scientists support "Loss of the Night"In February the Loss of the Night app, which was developed by the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), passed a major milestone:News ItemBats fill mixed fuelDuring autumn, migratory bats use a combination of fat reserves and food to fuel their strenuous long-distance flights to the south. This is reported by researchers from the Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in the “Proceedings of the Royal Society of London”.News ItemAssertiveness is the best form of defenceA new scientific study shows for the first time in spotted hyena twin litters, that success in sibling competition for maternal milk is influenced effects, sex and hunger, and that dominant siblings exert incomplete control over their littermate’s access to the resource.Imageskull ImageMBI-türkis-li ImageMBI-türkis-re News ItemCrystals for tomorrow’s mobile phonesWhen it comes to wireless communication, the amount of data that needs to be transferred keeps growing ever faster. The basis for this are highly perfected crystals with very specific features.News ItemDoktorarbeit zum Zellstoffwechsel ausgezeichnetDer Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen-Preis 2012 des Forschungsverbundes Berlin geht an die Biologin Nana-Maria Grüning für ihre Arbeit zum Zellstoffwechsel. Der Preis wird am 10. Mai im Rahmen einer Kuratoriumsveranstaltung des Forschungsverbundes überreicht und ist mit 3000 Euro dotiert.News ItemThomas Elsässer receives Julius Springer PrizeThomas Elsässer from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy and Horst Weller from the University of Hamburg receive the Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics 2012. The Scientists honored for their pioneering achievements and detailed understanding of elementary processes on the sub-nanoscale.News ItemBats: A good immune system ensures success in reproductionAnyone who is healthy has more enthusiasm for reproduction. Male bats with a good immune system are more successful in being selected by females during mate choice and reproduction than their ailing counterparts.News ItemLike an invisible conductorResearchers from Berlin show how a simple biochemical reaction controls the production of transport particles in cells – a fundamental process for cell growth and communication between cellsNews ItemAC/DC for terahertz waves – rectification with picosecond clock ratesResearchers discover an ultrafast rectifier for terahertz radiation. In the unit cells of a lithium niobate crystal alternating currents (AC) with a frequency 1000 times higher than that of modern computer systems…News ItemHydrogen atoms under the magnifying glassTo describe the microscopic properties of matter and its interaction with the external world, quantum mechanics uses wave functions, whose structure and time dependence is governed by the Schrödinger equation.ImageNew record operation temperature for quantum-cascade lasers Fig. 2 News ItemSkull malformations in lions: keeping up the pressureAn international team of researchers led by scientists from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Berlin examined the incidence of skull malformations in lions …FileMovie: Motion of electrons (blue) and holes (red) in an electric fieldPhysical Review Letters 107, 256602 (2011)News ItemTraffic rules of shoaling fishWith the help of high resolution slow-motion cameras scientists discovered how fishes coordinate their movements while swimming in a shoal. They estimate the distance to neighbouring individuals and come closer or back off intuitively.News ItemHeinrich Reelected as President of the European Microwave AssociationWith the beginning of 2012, Wolfgang Heinrich, FBH's long-term Head of Microwave Technology Department and a Professor at the TU Berlin, takes over the presidency of the European Microwave Association for another 3-year period.News Item24 Species of Carnivores Confirmed for BorneoThe first Borneo Carnivore Symposium (BCS) was concluded on a high note this week as worldwide experts determined species priorities for the Bornean nations of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia.News ItemElectrons and Lattice Vibrations—A Strong Team in the Nano WorldUsing a newly developed type of spectroscopy, Berlin researchers have shown that electrons in a semiconductor are best described as a cloud with a size of a few nanometer. The cloud size is determined by the interaction of the electron with vibrations in the crystal lattice.News ItemConfinement rules electrons' raceUltrashort flashes of light with just the right energy can shine on an atom confined in a fullerene cage in order to knock electrons out of various quantum levelsNews ItemDFG Funding Atlas: Forschungsverbund Berlin wins more fundingThe eight institutes belonging to the Forschungsverbund Berlin were able to increase their DFG funding significantly.News ItemA Million Times Brighter than the Sun – White Light as an Extremely Short PulseResearchers from the Leibniz University Hannover, the WIAS as well as theMBI have developed a new concept to generate optical white-light pulses in the visible and near infrared.ImageMore Light! – for MedicineWithin the ridge waveguide (RW section) high-quality radiation is generated, which is amplified within the tapered section (TA section) – this tapered laser thus combines excellent beam quality with very high output power. (c) FBH/D. FeiseNews ItemA big bite brings big successOne of the biggest puzzles in evolution is why some groups of organisms contain many species while others have only a few.Imagembi-hempel1 News ItemElectron Ping Pong in the Nano-worldAn international team of researchers succeeded to control and monitor strongly accelerated electrons from nano-spheres with extremely short and intense laser pulses. This result is published in the journal “Nature Physics”.ImageTissue ablation mirsurgTissue ablation with the novel all-solid-state light source at 6.45 microns based on frequency conversion in comparison with two clinical lasers, a 2.79 micron Erbium solid-state laser and a 10.6 micron carbon dioxide gas laser. (courtesy of UMC)News ItemModify thy ejaculate to determine the sex of your offspringAn IZW-led research team shows in a study that pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) males may be able to adjust the ratio of X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa in their ejaculates.News ItemLaunch of the first online Global Freshwater Biodiversity AtlasA new online Atlas of freshwater biodiversity presenting spatial information and species distribution patterns will be launched on 29th January at the land-mark Water Lives symposiumImageMBI-vrakking News ItemFor the first time Iberian lynx embryos are collected and preservedA pioneering procedure in felines allows the collection of biological material from Iberian lynx females before castration. The preserved biological material of the lynxes will be used in future conservation breeding programmes.ImageOvarrinde News ItemCryopreservation – a chance for highly endangered mammalsOocytes of lions, tigers and other cat species survive the preservation in liquid nitrogen. Scientists of the IZW succeeded in carrying out cryopreservation of felid ovary cortex.Imagerhinounicorn News ItemSteering electrons along chemical bondsElectron motions induced by a strong electric field are mapped in space and time with the help of femtosecond x-ray pulses. An x-ray movie of the crystal lithium hydride shows …News ItemDo fish feel pain?Fish do not feel pain the way humans do. That is the conclusion drawn by an international team of researchers consisting of neurobiologists, behavioural ecologists and fishery scientists.News ItemThe network of European laser research on the threshold to the futureLASERLAB-EUROPE gathers in Bratislava to enter a new phase of collaboration. It will celebrate this event together with representatives of the European Commission, the Slovak Government and the Slovak Academy of Sciences at a launch ceremony on 15 March.News ItemMore efficiency for power electronicsUnder the auspices of the Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, the EU project HiPoSwitch has now been launched. The project aims at more compact and more powerful energy converters which are used, for example, in information and communication technology and solar inverter technology.News ItemTwinkle, twinkle little star! – New app measures sky brightnessResearchers have developed an app for Android smart phones, which counts the number of visible stars in the sky. The data from the app will be used by scientists to understand light pollution on a world wide scale.ImageLoss of the Night – Bild 2 News ItemProf. Ivanov has been appointed as Department head of the MBIProf. Mikhael Ivanov has been appointed per 1.1.2012 as Department head A1 of the MBI and as a W3-S-Professor of Theoretical Optics at the Humboldt University. In the former role he is the successor of Prof. Weinelt.News ItemImaging techniques can improve management and husbandry of rhinocerosesHigh-resolution computed tomography and digital radiography in captive rhinos reveal that bone pathologies in the feet of these pachyderms are highly prevalent and diverse.ImageMBI-grau-li ImageMBI-grau-re News ItemMore Light! – for MedicinePET scan, CT and MRI are almost standard in today’s diagnostics – highly developed and very sophisticated. Although more capable and less cost-intensive, laser-optical diagnosis methods are, up to now, far less prevalent. FAMOS is aiming to change this.ImageLoss of the Night – Bild 1 News ItemYoung Researcher of the Year 2012: Dr. Ingo BarthDr. Ingo Barth is the Young Researcher of the Year 2012. He is researching non-linear optics and time-resolved spectroscopy at the Max-Born-Institut . Ingo Barth was the first deaf person in Germany to receive a doctorate in Chemistry.News ItemThe onset of electrical resistanceResearchers at the Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), Berlin, Germany, observed the extremely fast onset of electrical resistance in a semiconductor by following electron motions in real-time. They report it in the current issue of the journal Physical Review Letters.News ItemOrang-utans on the groundAn international team of scientists studied how Bornean orang-utans cope with habitat modifications caused by logging in rainforests. Orang-utans more often come down from the trees …News ItemA look into the Interior of MoleculesIn order to not only observe, but also understand a chemical reaction, scientists have to know how electrons move within molecules. For the first time ever, a European research team has managed to use attosecond laser pulses to observe the motion of electrons.News ItemAlexander Mielke has been awarded ERC Advanced Grant News ItemAre Bats a Health Hazard?Although they are rarely seen, bats play an important role in ecosystems and thus also for humans. However, it has recently been established that bats can also pose a threat: They are suspected to transmit various viral diseases.News ItemBiodiversity in fresh waterGEO-Magazine and the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) announce the 13th GEO Day of Biodiversity. On the 4th of June 2011 around 100 zoologists and botanists will analyse the biodiversity in the Löcknitz Valley and at the Müggelsee.News ItemClouds Amplify Ecological Light PollutionThe brightness of the nightly sky glow over major cities has been shown to depend strongly on cloud cover. In natural environments, clouds make the night sky darker by blocking the light of the stars.News ItemEarly reproduction retains fertility in cheetah femalesReproduction in free-ranging female cheetah in Namibia is far better than expected. Scientists of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research demonstrated that female fertility depended on the age at which they conceived their first litter.News ItemElectrons in motionBecause electrons move so rapidly, this was not possible to observe their motions until now. However, a European team of researchers has now developed a method that allows to observe the motions of electrons. Their report was recently published in Physical Review Letters.News ItemElementary particles starring a dance movieScientists of the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy in Berlin (Germany) measure directly the spatial positions of electrons and protons during a chemical reaction using ultrashort x-ray flashes.FolderFotos für News News ItemFrom now on, the heart of mathematics is beating in BerlinThe International Mathematical Union (IMU) has opened its first permanent office in Berlin. Its secretariat is now located in the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (WIAS) in the center of Berlin.News ItemGermany supports Malaysia to prevent extinction crisis of Asian mammalsThe Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, the Leipzig Zoo and the State Government of Sabah signed a Memorandum of UnderStanding to prevent further losses of biodiversity in Sabah.News ItemHigh-born hyena sons benefit their entire lifeHigh-ranking mothers provide their sons with a privileged upbringing and this increases their son’s success after leaving home. This was now demonstrated for the first time in a social mammal, the spotted hyena.News ItemHolography with electronsPhysicists from the Max Born Institute in Berlin have used electrons for holography experiments. A special element in their approach is that the electrons that image the object are made from the object itself using a strong laser. A report is published in this week´s issue of Science.News ItemHope for Borneo's threatened biodiversityTo tackle species loss representatives of the Rhino and Forest Fund (RFF) and of the Forestry Department of Sabah launched a reforestation project to restore forest in Borneo. The first trees will be planted in January 2011.News ItemInternational Mathematical Union will open its permanent office in BerlinPress invitation: On 1 February, the International Mathematical Union (IMU) will open its permanent office at the Weierstrass Institute in Berlin. The opening ceremony will be performed by IMU president Prof. Ingrid Daubechies.News ItemMarc Vrakking is a new Director at the Max Born InstituteProfessor Marc Vrakking (The Netherlands, 1963) has been appointed as a new Director at the Max Born Institute (MBI) for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy and as a Professor of Physics at the Freie Universität Berlin.News ItemNegative Mass and High Speed: How Electrons Go Their Own WaysPhysicists of the Max Born Institute in Berlin report in the latest issue of Physical Review Letters that electrons in semiconductor crystals have a negative inertial mass when strongly accelerated in an electric field.News ItemNippon Science Support NetworkScientists of the Leibniz Association, together with colleagues from other organizations, have set up an initiative to help Japanese scientists, whose work is endangered by the devastating impact of the quake and the tsunami. Nippon Science Support Network was established…News ItemPictures like in real lifeScientists from the Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH) just recently managed to develop particularly compact brilliant laser light sources, which enable significantly smaller systems for display technology.News ItemResearchers re-define the clouded leopardAn international team of researchers led by the IZW has recently demonstrated that the clouded leopard (Neofelis) should not only be classified into two species, but that one of which even comprises two distinct subspecies.News ItemSuper mum’s superconceptionEuropean brown hares can develop a second pregnancy whilst the previous litter is not delivered. This superconception increases their reproductive success. Scientists of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) in Berlin, Germany, elucidated this phenomenon.News ItemThe Language of BatsMany species of bats hunt insects “on the wing” by making ultrasonic calls and using the echo to find prey while in flight. But do bats use echolocation calls to communicate with each other as well? New research shows that bats can recognize the calls of particular individuals.News ItemThe new DPG President comes from the Max Born InstituteThe Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft DPG (German Physical Society) has a new president in Berlin laser scientist Professor Wolfgang Sandner (61). He takes over this honorary position from Professor Gerd Litfin, who shall assume the function of DPG Vice-President.News ItemTwo decide faster and more clever than oneThe principle of democracy is based on the idea that a group makes better decisions than an individual. However, the decision-making process generally takes longer. This is not the case with mosquitofish.News ItemUnderstanding the „Ionization Surprise“It had been commonly thought, that the ionization of atoms by strong laser fields was meanwhile well-understood. Novel experiments, where rare gas atoms were ionized using relatively long wavelength laser light, suddenly revealed an unexpected and universal low-energy feature that defied explanation. In this week´s issue of Physical Review Letters, scientists from the University of Rostock, the Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik in Heidelberg and the Max-Born Institute provide an explanation.News ItemWildlife Conservation In Managed ForestsA Memorandum of Understanding will pave the road to continue an already successful collaboration of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) with the Sabah Forestry Department (SFD).News ItemWorld record for shortest controllable timeScientist at the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Time Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin, Germany, have demonstrated timing control with a residual uncertainty of 12 attoseconds. This constitutes a new world record for the shortest controllable time scale.

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