Hverken danskere eller kunstneren selv kan se rumballonen Orbital Reflector fra sit hjem før til foråret – men med lidt held holder den til den tid, vurderer astronom.
Are champions born, or raised? That's the question scientists in Argentina are trying to answer as they look to pinpoint the genes that make local horses the best in the world for playing polo.
A Lion Air jet that crashed last month should have been grounded over a recurrent technical problem and never permitted to make the fatal flight, Indonesian authorities said Wednesday in a report that took aim at the carrier's poor safety culture.
A billionaire Australian philanthropist vowed Wednesday to spend at least AU$100 million (US$72 million) of her fortune to create a journalism institute committed to "the pursuit of truth".
Scientists have launched the largest-ever attempt to regenerate coral on the endangered Great Barrier Reef by harvesting millions of the creatures' eggs and sperm during their annual spawning.
From providing cow urine, incense and bamboo stretchers to booking a Hindu priest at the last minute, startups are seeking to cash in on India's elaborate traditional funeral ceremonies.
Feeding a hungry planet is growing increasingly difficult as climate change and depletion of land and other resources undermine food systems, the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization said Wednesday as it renewed appeals for better policies and technologies to reach "zero hunger."
A leader of an international conference on gene editing said Wednesday that the work of a Chinese scientist who claims to have helped make the world's first gene-edited babies showed a failure of self-regulation among scientists.
New Zealand's international spy agency on Wednesday halted mobile company Spark from using Huawei equipment in its planned 5G upgrade, saying it posed a "significant network security risk."
High up in Lebanon's mountains, the lifeless grey trunks of dead cedar trees stand stark in the deep green forest, witnesses of the climate change that has ravaged them.
Washington State University scientists have discovered genes and other genetic variations that appear to be involved in cancerous tumors shrinking in Tasmanian devils.
He Jiankui, who shocked the world by asserting he had genetically edited twin girls, faced growing criticism from other researchers as he spoke at a scientific conference in Hong Kong. (Image credit: Kin Cheung/AP)
Researchers at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology, IMAGICA GROUP Inc. and OLM Digital, Inc. report the world's first technique for automatic colorization focused on Japanese anime production. The new technique is expected to promote efficiency and automation in anime production.
Brutal range of revenge killings and fatal scuffles recorded by coroners in early 1300s It kicked off at a urinal in Cheapside, and ended in a bloody and brutal murder. Poor aim has been responsible for many unexpected deaths, but perhaps none more so than that of Philip of Ashendon. One of a brutal range of fatal scuffles, revenge killings and infanticides recorded by London coroners in the earl
Jiankui He, the Chinese scientist who edited the genes of twin babies, spoke publicly about his research for the first time today (Nov. 28) in Hong Kong, at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing.
Aust Cliff, South Gloucestershire: We are after fossils from the upper strata, inaccessible until chunks are torn off by winter's teeth Aust Cliff is half a hill, sliced open like a birthday cake by the River Severn's slow knife, exposing two ornamental layers of pink and blue-green mudstone. Right here, about 200m years ago, a red desert was overwhelmed by a balmy ocean. Today, a cold northern s
By stirring crosstalk among skin cells that form the roots of hair, researchers report they have regrown hair strands on damaged skin. The findings better explain why hair does not normally grow on wounded skin, and may help in the search for better drugs to restore hair growth, say the study's authors.
In the Loess Plateau region of northwestern China, potato is the main food crop. However, the area has a dry climate with uneven precipitation. Researchers are finding the best combination of tillage and mulching practices to increase yield.
A new study from The Ohio State University found that mailing at-home HPV tests to hard-to-reach women may be a viable approach, one that could be especially helpful in regions such as Appalachia, where access to women's health care can be limited.
Washington State University scientists have discovered genes and other genetic variations that appear to be involved in cancerous tumors shrinking in Tasmanian devils. Their research could have important implications for treating cancer in humans and other mammals.
A new artificial joint restores important wrist-like movements to forearm amputees, something which could dramatically improve their quality of life. A group of researchers led by Max Ortiz Catalan, Associate Professor at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, have published their research in the journal IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems & Rehabilitation Engineering.
Japanese computer scientists have succeeded in developing a special purpose computer that can project high-quality 3D holography as a video. With the newly developed 'phase type' HORN-8, the calculation method for adjusting the phase of light was implemented, and the researchers were successful at projecting holography information as a 3D video with high-quality images. This research was published
Biotechnologists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have developed a system to accurately measure muscle weakness caused by structural changes in muscle tissue. The new method allows muscle function to be assessed using imaging without the need for sophisticated biomechanical recordings, and could in future even make taking tissue samples for diagnosing myopathy superfluous
Reversal comes two months after country agreed to host COP25 conference in 2019 – and one month after far-right climate sceptic won election Brazil has abandoned plans to host crucial UN climate talks in 2019 amid growing signs of the anti-internationalism of the new government being formed by president-elect Jair Bolsonaro. The foreign ministry announced the reversal in a message to Patrícia Esp
The investigation looked at whether he had redrawn the boundaries of a national monument in Utah to avoid the nearby land holdings of a state lawmaker and supporter of President Donald Trump.
Technology They're the Best of What's New. It's an elegant way to avoid urban flooding: Lay down paving tiles that soak up rain and divert it from sewers to greenery. But that innovation, the Climate Tile, is…
What We're Following Mississippi Runoff: The U.S. midterm elections still aren't over. In Mississippi, where the voting-age population is 37 percent black, the Republican incumbent Cindy Hyde-Smith faces the Democratic challenger Mike Espy on Tuesday night. Espy's candidacy may be buoyed by national attention. And Hyde-Smith's final stretch of campaigning has been peppered with charges of racism
It can take up to a year for some bowel cancer patients in the UK to start treatment, according to international research coordinated by Cancer Research UK and published in BMJ Open today.
Researchers have discovered evidence that endurance exercise, such as running, swimming, cross-country skiing and cycling, will help you age better than resistance exercise, which involves strength training with weights. Endurance exercise but not resistance exercise can prevent telomeres shortening, or can even lengthen them, according to the first prospective randomized controlled study of the e
The more often adolescents say they have seen adverts for e-cigarettes, the more often they use both e-cigarettes and smoke tobacco cigarettes, according to a study published in ERJ Open Research.
Seagrass meadows grow along shallow ocean shores and lock-up carbon, but satellite imagery reveals that human activity is killing off this vital habitat
Technology They're the Best of What's New. On our list of the top software innovations of 2018, there's tech that'll do fun things, like deliver a pizza to your spot in a public park, and programming that takes…
There's no clear evidence that diverting patients, who are not seriously ill, away from emergency departments, in a bid to curb overcrowding, is either safe or effective, reveals research published online in Emergency Medicine Journal.
Syrian government and Russian armed forces have deliberately and repeatedly targeted ambulances in Syria as part of the Assad regime's strategy to destabilise and intimidate through the 'weaponisation of healthcare,' reveals research published in the online journal BMJ Global Health.
Upchuck, bubby, boff, wriggly, yaps, giggle, cooch, guffaw, puffball, and jiggly: the top 10 funniest words in the English language, according to a new study. The researchers determined that there are two main kinds of predictors of funniness in words: those related to the form of the word and those related to its meaning.
Researchers are on a mission to describe, classify and trace the history of a meteorite that landed in and around the small town of Benenitra in southwestern Madagascar shortly before the lunar eclipse on July 27, 2018.
Researchers working to understand the biochemistry of cataracts have made a surprising finding: A protein that was long believed to be inert actually has an important chemical function that protects the lens of the eye from cataract formation.
According to Colorado State University social psychologist Jennifer Harman, about 22 million American parents have been the victims of behaviors that lead to something called parental alienation. Having researched the phenomenon for several years, Harman is urging psychological, legal and child custodial disciplines to recognize parental alienation as a form of both child abuse and intimate partne
Investigators have used magnetoencephalography — a technology that measures brain activity by detecting the weak magnetic fields produced by the brain's normal electrical currents — to measure levels of the iron-based mineral called magnetite in the human brain.
Researchers reveal that complex interactions between sugars and the microbiome in human milk influence neonatal rotavirus infection and identifies maternal components that could improve the performance of live, attenuated rotavirus vaccines.
Conservation scientists and statisticians have teamed up to solve a key problem for the study of sensitive behaviors like poaching, harassment, bribery, and drug use.
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia can be so disabling that they interfere with a person's ability to attend school, begin a fulfilling career, and even live independently. Scientists suggest a new way to classify the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which may influence research and treatment in years to come.
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication, affecting one quarter to one half of all patients following cardiac surgery. It can result in heart failure, stroke, and longer hospital stays, resulting in an increased cost of care. A new study reports promising results from two clinical trials using botulinum toxin (BTX) injections to suppress POAF.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a term referring to blood clots in the veins, is a highly prevalent and far-reaching public health problem that can cause disability and death. Despite effective new options for prevention and treatment, VTE remains a threat underappreciated by the general public, causing up to 100,000 deaths annually in the United States alone.
Stressful events in the evening release less of the body's stress hormones than those that happen in the morning, suggesting possible vulnerability to stress in the evening.
Adherence to proven protocols for disinfecting surgeons' hands, patients' skin, and operating room surfaces could help to halt the spread of dangerous Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pathogens in the operating room and beyond, according to new research.
This could be a major step towards a better understanding of the functions of deeply hidden brain compartments, such as the formation of memories, as well as related dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's disease. Researchers have succeeded in using a hair-thin fiber endoscope to gain insights into hardly-accessible brain structures.
Researchers have found a way to use the full beam of a laser light, to control and manipulate minute objects such as single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices.
Researchers have published landmark test results that suggest a promising class of sensors can be used in high-radiation environments and to advance important medical, industrial and research applications.
Researchers trained a deep neural network to classify wildlife species using 3.37 million camera-trap images of 27 species of animals obtained from five states across the United States. The model then was tested on nearly 375,000 animal images at a rate of about 2,000 images per minute on a laptop computer, achieving 97.6 percent accuracy — likely the highest accuracy to date in using machine lea
Although hybrid-electric cars are becoming commonplace, similar technology applied to airplanes comes with significantly different challenges. Aerospace engineers are addressing some of them toward the development of a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels to power airplanes.
In a comprehensive study of healthy corals, scientists report that coral bacteria are a surprisingly diverse bunch — and that different sections of the coral body can host unique communities of bacteria.
Researchers have found evidence that children with hearing impairment and cochlear implants can benefit from hobbies involving music and especially singing.
Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments.
Corn naturally tolerates certain herbicides, detoxifying the chemicals before they can cause harm. It's what allows farmers to spray fields with the class of herbicides known as HPPD-inhibitors, which kill weeds such as waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and leave corn unscathed. But in more and more fields, the method is failing; waterhemp isn't dying.
The most popular YouTube videos on prostate cancer often offer misleading or biased medical information that poses potential health risks to patients, an analysis of the social media platform shows. The study of the 150 most-viewed YouTube videos on the disease found that 77 percent had factual errors or biased content in either the video or its comments section.
Written by Elaine Godfrey ( @elainejgodfrey ), Madeleine Carlisle ( @maddiecarlisle2 ), and Olivia Paschal ( @oliviacpaschal ). Today in 5 Lines National Security Adviser John Bolton told reporters that he had not listened to the recordings taken during the killing of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi: "Unless you speak Arabic, what are you going to get from it?" Meanwhile, Senate Majority Lea
Health They're the Best of What's New. These 10 medical advances represent how science, technology, and creative thinking can help us live longer, better lives.
SpaceX is providing the rocket for the mission, while a Seattle-based company organized the payload. The mission will deploy satellites from various providers, including startups and government agencies. Most of these providers hope to be the first to build a new kind of network to support the Internet of Things. None SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket is set to launch 64 satellites into orbit on Wednesday
Ants Turn Carnivorous When Salt is Scarce Omnivores' diets may depend on the amount of salt in their environments. bee-eating-ants_cropped.jpg Image credits: Hamed Saber via Wikimedia Commons Creature Tuesday, November 27, 2018 – 16:30 Nala Rogers, Staff Writer (Inside Science) — For some meat-eating animals, the thirst for blood may actually be a craving for salt, according to a study of ants'
Technology They're the Best of What's New. This year's best products in recreation—including a one-pound tent, a truly innovative sports bra, and a fire pit that keeps smoke out of your eyes—make our active lives…
He Jiankiu, a Chinese researcher who claims to have edited the DNA of twin babies, now born, also published ethics guidelines directly contradicting his work.
Flights were cancelled, railway lines closed and motorists stranded on flooded roads as a month's worth of rain fell on Sydney early Wednesday, leaving emergency services battling to respond.
The ACLU Declines to Defend Civil Rights In a recent statement, the civil-liberties organization opposed new Title IX guidelines put forward by Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos. By taking a stand against stronger due-process protections in campus tribunals, Conor Friedersdorf argued last week, the organization undermined its own principles. Friedersdorf argues that Title IX cases should be held
On Sunday, a Chinese scientist claimed the world's first genetically edited babies had been born in China. The scientist claims to have used gene-editing technology on the babies' embryos. Dr. Doudna said scientists should confine "the use of gene editing in human embryos to cases where a clear unmet medical need exists." None On Sunday, a scientist stirred major controversy by claiming that the
NASA's MarCO mission was built to see whether two experimental, briefcase-sized spacecraft could survive the trip to deep space, and the two CubeSats proved more than able. After cruising along behind NASA's InSight for seven months, they successfully relayed data back down to Earth from the lander during its descent to the Martian surface on Monday, Nov. 26.
Although hybrid-electric cars are becoming commonplace, similar technology applied to airplanes comes with significantly different challenges. University of Illinois aerospace engineers are addressing some of them toward the development of a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels to power airplanes.
Scientists have identified three genes responsible for recurrent molar pregnancies, a rare complication that occurs when a non-viable pregnancy with no embryo implants in the uterus. The findings could have important implications, since until now very little has been known about the genetic causes of all forms of fetal loss. In Quebec, molar pregnancy occurs in about one in every 600 pregnancies,
P-74, the newest mountain lion electronically tracked by park rangers in the Santa Monica Mountains, was last seen in one of the first areas to be scorched in the blaze.
A computer model developed at the University of Wyoming by UW researchers and others has demonstrated remarkable accuracy and efficiency in identifying images of wild animals from camera-trap photographs in North America.
Researchers working to understand the biochemistry of cataract formation have made a surprising finding: A protein that was long believed to be inert actually has an important chemical function that protects the lens of the eye from cataract formation.
Nerve cells stripped of their insulation can no longer carry vital information, leading to the numbness, weakness and vision problems often associated with multiple sclerosis. A new study shows an overlooked source may be able to replace that lost insulation and provide a new way to treat diseases like MS.
Sometimes, there is no 'tragedy' in the tragedy of the commons, according to a new analysis that challenges a widely accepted theory. In an analysis of eight case studies from around the world – from foragers in Australia to mangrove fishers in Ecuador — researchers found that people can successfully share and sustainably use resources, under certain conditions.
According to Colorado State University social psychologist Jennifer Harman, about 22 million American parents have been the victims of behaviors that lead to something called parental alienation. Having researched the phenomenon for several years, Harman is urging psychological, legal and child custodial disciplines to recognize parental alienation as a form of both child abuse and intimate partne
The Spallation Neutron Source at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has broken a new record by ending its first neutron production cycle in fiscal year 2019 at its design power level of 1.4 megawatts.
Conservation scientists and statisticians at Colorado State University have teamed up to solve a key problem for the study of sensitive behaviors like poaching, harassment, bribery, and drug use.
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have published landmark test results that suggest a promising class of sensors can be used in high-radiation environments and to advance important medical, industrial and research applications.
Scrutinizing a company's study on a widely used pesticide, chlorpyrifos, academic researchers find shortcomings in analyses and public disclosures of results.
As a result of this increased tribalization of views, it's becoming increasingly more difficult to engage in polite conversation with people possessing opposing viewpoints. 71% of Americans believe that political correctness had silenced important discussions necessary to our society. We need to start teaching people how to approach subjects from less of an emotional or baseless educational bias
Researchers trained a deep neural network to classify wildlife species using 3.37 million camera-trap images of 27 species of animals obtained from five states across the United States. The model then was tested on nearly 375,000 animal images at a rate of about 2,000 images per minute on a laptop computer, achieving 97.6 percent accuracy — likely the highest accuracy to date in using machine lea
Researchers working to understand the biochemistry of cataracts have made a surprising finding: A protein that was long believed to be inert actually has an important chemical function that protects the lens of the eye from cataract formation.
NIST researchers have published landmark test results that suggest a promising class of sensors can be used in high-radiation environments and to advance important medical, industrial and research applications.
Early detection of the most common form of epilepsy in children is possible through 'deep learning,' a new machine learning tool that teaches computers to learn by example, according to a new study that includes researchers from Georgia State University.
Losing just a couple hours of sleep at night makes you angrier, especially in frustrating situations, according to new research. While the results may seem intuitive, the study is one of the first to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. Other studies have shown a link between sleep and anger, but questions remained about whether sleep loss was to blame or if anger was responsible for di
Space Don't worry, no one has gotten sick yet. Researchers are finding that all kinds of bacteria are thriving on the artificially-habitable International Space Station. A new study from researchers at the California…
Most people who go to prison are not incorrigible criminals – just normal people who made mistakes. The prison system can become breeding ground for antisocial behaviors. Bishop Jahwar worked with prisoners to help them retain the core of who they were and "take masks off".
Topical application of the lipid phosphatidylglycerol, or PG, on a mouse model of psoriasis reduced inflammation as well as characteristic, raised skin lesions, they report in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology.
Entertainment They're the Best of What's New. This year's winners include a pro-grade HDTV, speakers that double as modern art, and an ill-fated movie subscription service that shifted the way people go to the…
Most people who go to prison are not incorrigible criminals – just normal people who made mistakes. The prison system can become breeding ground for antisocial behaviors. Bishop Jahwar worked with prisoners to help them retain the core of who they were and "take masks off".
As a result of this increased tribalization of views, it's becoming increasingly more difficult to engage in polite conversation with people possessing opposing viewpoints. 71% of Americans believe that political correctness had silenced important discussions necessary to our society. We need to start teaching people how to approach subjects from less of an emotional or baseless educational bias
A new method for simultaneous measurement of 71 inorganic elements in liquids makes testing faster, more efficient, and more comprehensive than was possible in the past, according to new research. Researchers studied samples of liquid from a variety of sources worldwide, including tap water from a New York City suburb, snow from Italy and Croatia, rain from Brazil and Pakistan, lake water from Sw
NASA's MarCO mission was built to see whether two experimental, briefcase-sized spacecraft could survive the trip to deep space, and the two CubeSats proved more than able. After cruising along behind NASA's InSight for seven months, they successfully relayed data back down to Earth from the lander during its descent to the Martian surface on Monday, Nov. 26.
The first study to investigate microplastics around Ascension Island and the Falkland Islands — two of the most remote locations in the South Atlantic Ocean — has found levels of contamination comparable with the waters around the UK.
Video art has never been more celebrated – and after taking the £10,000 prize for the best artist using moving images, the intriguing filmmaker is in the vanguard For Daria Martin , making art is a dream come true – literally. Her films involve restaging the dreams, nightmares or altered states of consciousness of friends and relatives. For one forthcoming project, Tonight the World, she's recrea
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia can be so disabling that they interfere with a person's ability to attend school, begin a fulfilling career, and even live independently. In a recent study published by JAMA Psychiatry, UNLV psychology professor Daniel Allen and colleagues suggest a new way to classify the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which may influence research and treatment in years to
Conservation scientists and statisticians at Colorado State University have teamed up to solve a key problem for the study of sensitive behaviors like poaching, harassment, bribery, and drug use.
Environment It has surprisingly little to do with climate change. As our oceans warm, hurricane rainfall and intensity are going to rise. But more water and wind aren't the reason that today's storms destroy more in their paths.
China has spent billions turning itself into a scientific powerhouse, but it still struggles with the perception that its scientists do not take ethics seriously . In 2015, when Chinese scientists raced ahead to use CRISPR to edit genes in human embryos , an international outcry ensued. But the study's defenders argued th at because it was done in embryos that were not viable and were never meant
A brain-computer interface (BCI) allows people with paralysis to directly operate an off-the-shelf tablet device just by thinking about making cursor movements and clicks, according to results of a small clinical trial. Tablets and other mobile computing devices are part of everyday life, but using them can be difficult for people with paralysis. In a study in PLOS ONE , three clinical trial part
Humanity is losing ground in its battle against climate change. On Tuesday, a new UN report warned that the world is farther than it was last year from meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change. More than half of the planet's richest countries—including Canada, Australia, South Korea, the United States, and the nations of the European Union—are not cutting their carbon pollution
An international team of researchers reveals that complex interactions between sugars and the microbiome in human milk influence neonatal rotavirus infection and identifies maternal components that could improve the performance of live, attenuated rotavirus vaccines.
In a comprehensive study of healthy corals published Nov. 22 in the journal Nature Communications, a team of scientists from the University of Washington Bothell, Pennsylvania State University and Oregon State University report that coral bacteria are a surprisingly diverse bunch — and that different sections of the coral body can host unique communities of bacteria.
Of the three states that recently expanded comprehensive background check policies to include all gun transfers, including those among private parties, only Delaware showed an overall increase in firearm background checks.
Training domestic violence and abuse (DVA) advocates to deliver psychological support to women experiencing DVA could significantly improve the health of those affected. In a randomised controlled trial led by researchers from the University of Bristol, women who received the intervention showed reduced symptoms of psychological distress, depression and post-traumatic stress compared to those who
With development and stability teetering in many African and western Asian countries, new insights into barriers to development are always welcome. However, this field is full of false leads. One example is the recent claim of Cumming and von Cramon-Taubadel (1) that countries are attracted to one of two equilibrium…
O'Sullivan (1) both misunderstands and misrepresents our analysis (2). We tested, and found support for, the hypothesis that national economies tend toward one of two attractors because of complex feedbacks among ecosystem services, economic growth, and population growth. We then explored the possible consequences of alternative feedback loops for global…
In PNAS, Kritee et al. (1) report extremely high nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from rice paddy fields with intermittent irrigation and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and conclude that N2O can be reduced by up to 90%—with nitrogen management not playing a central role. However, we believe that this conclusion…
Our fundamental message (1) is that under intense forms of intermittent flooding—a technique used to reduce methane emissions from rice farms (2)—emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a long-term climate forcer (Fig. 1), can be very high. Fig. 1. General understanding of climate impacts of rice farms under continuous flooding or…
A recent study in PNAS on Tibetan ground tits (1) concludes that inclusive fitness maintains heritable altruism polymorphism if rb = c, which may render equal inclusive fitness in helpful and unhelpful genotypes. We outline flaws in the estimations of rb = c and additive genetic variance, and we propound…
Testing Hamilton's rule (1) requires following a rigorous methodology, as stressed by us (2) and by Engelhardt et al. (3). Here, we would like to explain again how we did so. First, Engelhardt et al. (3) question the calculation of b and c. Our responses to their points are as…
Monofunctional alkylating agents preferentially react at the N7 position of 2′-deoxyguanosine in duplex DNA. Methylated DNA, such as that produced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and temozolomide, exists for days in organisms. The predominant consequence of N7-methyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (MdG) is widely believed to be abasic site (AP) formation via hydrolysis, a process…
Networks provide a powerful formalism for modeling complex systems by using a model of pairwise interactions. But much of the structure within these systems involves interactions that take place among more than two nodes at once—for example, communication within a group rather than person to person, collaboration among a team…
We introduce a remote interface to control and optimize the experimental production of Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) and find improved solutions using two distinct implementations. First, a team of theoreticians used a remote version of their dressed chopped random basis optimization algorithm (RedCRAB), and second, a gamified interface allowed 600 citizen…
Obesity rates continue to rise alarmingly, with dire health implications. One contributing factor is that individuals frequently forgo healthy foods in favor of inexpensive, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. One important mechanism underlying these choices is food craving: Craving increases with exposure to unhealthy foods (and food cues, such as advertisements) and…
Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300–2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and…
Different human populations facing similar environmental challenges have sometimes evolved convergent biological adaptations, for example, hypoxia resistance at high altitudes and depigmented skin in northern latitudes on separate continents. The "pygmy" phenotype (small adult body size), characteristic of hunter-gatherer populations inhabiting both African and Asian tropical rainforests, is often
Chronically undernourished children become stunted during their first 2 years and thereafter bear burdens of ill health for the rest of their lives. Contributors to stunting include poor nutrition and exposure to pathogens, and parental history may also play a role. However, the epigenetic impact of a poor environment on…
Efficient degradation of plant cell walls by selected anaerobic bacteria is performed by large extracellular multienzyme complexes termed cellulosomes. The spatial arrangement within the cellulosome is organized by a protein called scaffoldin, which recruits the cellulolytic subunits through interactions between cohesin modules on the scaffoldin and dockerin modules on the…
Proteins that fold cotranslationally may do so in a restricted configurational space, due to the volume occupied by the ribosome. How does this environment, coupled with the close proximity of the ribosome, affect the folding pathway of a protein? Previous studies have shown that the cotranslational folding process for many…
Anthozoa-class red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) are frequently used as biological markers, with far-red (λem ∼ 600–700 nm) emitting variants sought for whole-animal imaging because biological tissues are more permeable to light in this range. A barrier to the use of naturally occurring RFP variants as molecular markers is that all…
Atomic resolution characterization of the full-length p53 tetramer has been hampered by its size and the presence of extensive intrinsically disordered regions at both the N and C termini. As a consequence, the structural characteristics and dynamics of the disordered regions are poorly understood within the context of the intact…
The p53–Mdm2 system is key to tumor suppression. We have recently reported that p53 as well as Mdm2 are capable of supporting DNA replication fork progression. On the other hand, we found that Mdm2 is a modifier of chromatin, modulating polycomb repressor complex (PRC)-driven histone modifications. Here we show that,…
Changes in dosage of part of the genome (aneuploidy) have long been known to produce much more severe phenotypic consequences than changes in the number of whole genomes (ploidy). To examine the basis of these differences, global gene expression in mature leaf tissue for all five trisomies and in diploids,…
Thymocyte-expressed molecule involved in selection (Themis) has been shown to be important for T cell selection by setting the threshold for positive versus negative selection. Themis interacts with the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Src-homology domain containing phosphatase-1 (Shp1), a negative regulator of the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling cascade. However,…
Combination antiretroviral therapy controls but does not cure HIV-1 infection because a small fraction of cells harbor latent viruses that can produce rebound viremia when therapy is interrupted. The circulating latent virus reservoir has been documented by a variety of methods, most prominently by viral outgrowth assays (VOAs) in which…
Biomechanical cues dynamically control major cellular processes, but whether genetic variants actively participate in mechanosensing mechanisms remains unexplored. Vascular homeostasis is tightly regulated by hemodynamics. Exposure to disturbed blood flow at arterial sites of branching and bifurcation causes constitutive activation of vascular endothelium contributing to atherosclerosis, the major
Previous studies have demonstrated that ocular injury can lead to prompt infiltration of bone-marrow–derived peripheral monocytes into the retina. However, the ability of these cells to integrate into the tissue and become microglia has not been investigated. Here we show that such peripheral monocytes that infiltrate into the retina after…
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure (ALF) is a dramatic clinical syndrome leading to death or liver transplantation in 80% of cases. Due to the extremely rapid clinical course, the difficulties in obtaining liver specimens, and the lack of an animal model, the pathogenesis of ALF remains largely unknown….
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a B cell lymphoma that is always associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and in many cases also with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV); however, the requirement for EBV coinfection is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that adding exogenous EBV to KSHV+ single-positive PEL leads to increased…
Located within the brain's ventricles, the choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid and forms an important barrier between the central nervous system and the blood. For unknown reasons, the choroid plexus produces high levels of the protein klotho. Here, we show that these levels naturally decline with aging. Depleting klotho selectively…
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein whose deficiency impacts many brain functions, including differentiation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs). However, the mechanism by which FMRP influences these processes remains unclear. Here, we performed ribosome profiling…
Drug receptor site occupancy is a central pharmacology parameter that quantitatively relates the biochemistry of drug binding to the biology of drug action. Taxanes and epothilones bind to overlapping sites in microtubules (MTs) and stabilize them. They are used to treat cancer and are under investigation for neurodegeneration. In cells,…
How cells maintain their size has been extensively studied under constant conditions. In the wild, however, cells rarely experience constant environments. Here, we examine how the 24-h circadian clock and environmental cycles modulate cell size control and division timings in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus using single-cell time-lapse microscopy. Under constant…
Obesity is frequently associated with metabolic disease. Here, we show that obesity changes the miRNA profile of plasma exosomes in mice, including increases in miR-122, miR-192, miR-27a-3p, and miR-27b-3p. Importantly, treatment of lean mice with exosomes isolated from obese mice induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Moreover, administration of control…
Phytoplankton often encounter turbulence in their habitat. As most toxic phytoplankton species are motile, resolving the interplay of motility and turbulence has fundamental repercussions on our understanding of their own ecology and of the entire ecosystems they inhabit. The spatial distribution of motile phytoplankton cells exhibits patchiness at distances of…
Intracellular transport of cellular proteins and organelles is critical for establishing and maintaining intracellular organization and cell physiology. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death with dramatic changes in cell morphology and organization, during which signaling molecules are transported between different organelles within the cells. However, how the intracellular…
The heat shock response is crucial for organism survival in natural environments. RNA structure is known to influence numerous processes related to gene expression, but there have been few studies on the global RNA structurome as it prevails in vivo. Moreover, how heat shock rapidly affects RNA structure genome-wide in…
Class IA PI3Ks have many roles in health and disease. The rules that govern intersubunit and receptor associations, however, remain unclear. We engineered mouse lines in which individual endogenous class IA PI3K subunits were C-terminally tagged with 17aa that could be biotinylated in vivo. Using these tools we quantified PI3K…
As a master negative regulator of RNA polymerase (Pol) III, Maf1 modulates transcription in response to nutrients and stress to balance the production of highly abundant tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and other small noncoding RNAs with cell growth and maintenance. This regulation of Pol III transcription is important for energetic economy…
Our understanding of the left–right (LR) asymmetry of embryonic development, in particular the contribution of intrinsic handedness of the cell or cell chirality, is limited due to the confounding systematic and environmental factors during morphogenesis and a ack of physiologically relevant in vitro 3D platforms. Here we report an efficient…
The applications of the pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) in cancer diagnosis and cross-membrane cargo delivery have drawn increasing attention in the past decade. With its origin as the transmembrane (TM) helix C of bacteriorhodopsin, pHLIP is also an important model for understanding how pH can affect the folding and…
The wings of moths and butterflies are densely covered in scales that exhibit intricate shapes and sculptured nanostructures. While certain butterfly scales create nanoscale photonic effects, moth scales show different nanostructures suggesting different functionality. Here we investigate moth-scale vibrodynamics to understand their role in creating acoustic camouflage against bat echolocation,…
In vivo, proteins fold and function in a complex environment subject to many stresses that can modulate a protein's energy landscape. One aspect of the environment pertinent to protein folding is the ribosome, since proteins have the opportunity to fold while still bound to the ribosome during translation. We use…
ATP11A and ATP11C, members of the P4-ATPases, are flippases that translocate phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) from the outer to inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Using the W3 T lymphoma cell line, we found that Ca2+ ionophore-induced phospholipid scrambling caused prolonged PtdSer exposure in cells lacking both the ATP11A and ATP11C genes….
A direct, catalytic conversion of benzene to phenol would have wide-reaching economic impacts. Fe zeolites exhibit a remarkable combination of high activity and selectivity in this conversion, leading to their past implementation at the pilot plant level. There were, however, issues related to catalyst deactivation for this process. Mechanistic insight…
Epithelial homeostasis requires the precise balance of epithelial stem/progenitor proliferation and differentiation. While many signaling pathways that regulate epithelial stem cells have been identified, it is probable that other regulators remain unidentified. Here, we use gene-expression profiling by targeted DamID to identify the stem/progenitor-specific transcription and signaling factors in
Organic peroxy radicals (RO2) are key intermediates in the atmospheric degradation of organic matter and fuel combustion, but to date, few direct studies of specific RO2 in complex reaction systems exist, leading to large gaps in our understanding of their fate. We show, using direct, speciated measurements of a suite…
Today, Mg2+ is an essential cofactor with diverse structural and functional roles in life's oldest macromolecular machine, the translation system. We tested whether ancient Earth conditions (low O2, high Fe2+, and high Mn2+) can revert the ribosome to a functional ancestral state. First, SHAPE (selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer…
That fire facilitated the late Miocene C4 grassland expansion is widely suspected but poorly documented. Fire potentially tied global climate to this profound biosphere transition by serving as a regional-to-local driver of vegetation change. In modern environments, seasonal extremes in moisture amplify the occurrence of fire, disturbing forest ecosystems to…
To evade their predators, animals must quickly detect potential threats, gauge risk, and mount a response. Putative neural circuits responsible for these tasks have been isolated in laboratory studies. However, it is unclear whether and how these circuits combine to generate the flexible, dynamic sequences of evasion behavior exhibited by…
Airborne microbes (bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi) were surveyed over a 7-y period via high-throughput massive sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes in rain and snow samples collected fortnightly at a high-elevation mountain Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network site (LTER-Aigüestortes, Central Pyrenees, Spain). This survey constitutes the most comprehensive…
Growing evidence suggests substantial quantities of particulate organic carbon (POC) produced in surface waters reach abyssal depths within days during episodic flux events. A 29-year record of in situ observations was used to examine episodic peaks in POC fluxes and sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) at Station M (NE Pacific,…
Iodine is an important nutrient and a significant sink of tropospheric ozone, a climate-forcing gas and air pollutant. Ozone interacts with seawater iodide, leading to volatile inorganic iodine release that likely represents the largest source of atmospheric iodine. Increasing ozone concentrations since the preindustrial period imply that iodine chemistry and…
According to the sensory drive model, variation in visual properties can lead to diverse female preferences, which in turn results in a range of male nuptial colors by way of sexual selection. However, the cause of variation in visual properties and the mechanism by which variation drives female response to…
Ant–plant interactions are diverse and abundant and include classic models in the study of mutualism and other biotic interactions. By estimating a time-scaled phylogeny of more than 1,700 ant species and a time-scaled phylogeny of more than 10,000 plant genera, we infer when and how interactions between ants and plants…
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 (SCA29) is autosomal dominant congenital ataxia characterized by early-onset motor delay, hypotonia, and gait ataxia. Recently, heterozygous missense mutations in an intracellular Ca2+ channel, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor type 1 (IP3R1), were identified as a cause of SCA29. However, the functional impacts of these mutations remain…
Parainfluenza virus types 1–4 (PIV1–4) are highly infectious human pathogens, of which PIV3 is most commonly responsible for severe respiratory illness in newborns, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. To obtain a vaccine effective against all four PIV types, we engineered mutations in each of the four PIV fusion (F) glycoproteins to…
Epigenetic phenomena have not yet been reported in archaea, which are presumed to use a classical genetic process of heritability. Here, analysis of independent lineages of Sulfolobus solfataricus evolved for enhanced fitness implicated a non-Mendelian basis for trait inheritance. The evolved strains, called super acid-resistant Crenarchaeota (SARC), acquired traits of…
Around one-quarter of bacterial diversity comprises a single radiation with reduced genomes, known collectively as the Candidate Phyla Radiation. Recently, we coisolated TM7x, an ultrasmall strain of the Candidate Phyla Radiation phylum Saccharibacteria, with its bacterial host Actinomyces odontolyticus strain XH001 from human oral cavity and stably maintained as a…
The human default mode network (DMN) is implicated in several unique mental capacities. In this study, we tested whether brain-wide interregional communication in the DMN can be derived from population variability in intrinsic activity fluctuations, gray-matter morphology, and fiber tract anatomy. In a sample of 10,000 UK Biobank participants, pattern-learning…
TRPA1, a member of the transient receptor potential channel (TRP) family, is genetically linked to pain in humans, and small molecule inhibitors are efficacious in preclinical animal models of inflammatory pain. These findings have driven significant interest in development of selective TRPA1 inhibitors as potential analgesics. The majority of TRPA1…
We use coherent midinfrared optical pulses to resonantly excite large-amplitude oscillations of the Si–C stretching mode in silicon carbide. When probing the sample with a second pulse, we observe parametric optical gain at all wavelengths throughout the reststrahlen band. This effect reflects the amplification of light by phonon-mediated four-wave mixing…
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation and is the target for the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione (TZD) drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. In cell-based in vitro studies, the transcriptional activity of PPARγ is inhibited by covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier…
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is an essential tubular-vesicular organelle derived from the Golgi and functions as an independent sorting and trafficking hub within the cell. However, the molecular regulation of TGN biogenesis remains enigmatic. Here we identified an Arabidopsis mutant loss of TGN (lot) that is defective in TGN formation…
The Empathizing–Systemizing (E-S) theory of typical sex differences suggests that individuals may be classified based on empathy and systemizing. An extension of the E-S theory, the Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory suggests that autistic people on average have a shift towards a more masculinized brain along the E-S dimensions. Both…
Predicting the timing of upcoming events is critical for successful interaction in a dynamic world, and is recognized as a key computation for attentional orienting. Temporal predictions can be formed when recent events define a rhythmic structure, as well as in aperiodic streams or even in isolation, when a specified…
Stereopsis is a fundamental visual function that has been studied extensively. However, it is not clear why depth discrimination (stereoacuity) varies more significantly among people than other modalities. Previous studies have reported the involvement of both dorsal and ventral visual areas in stereopsis, implying that not only neural computations in…
Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation based on shared moral systems and individual reputations. It assumes that members of a community routinely observe and assess each other and that they use this information to decide who is good or bad, and who deserves cooperation. When information is transmitted publicly,…
Skin is the largest organ in the body and serves important barrier, regulatory, and sensory functions. The epidermal layer shows rhythmic physiological responses to daily environmental variation (e.g., DNA repair). We investigated the role of the circadian clock in the transcriptional regulation of epidermis using a hybrid experimental design, in…
COLLOQUIUM Correction for "Localized prosocial preferences, public goods, and common-pool resources," by Andrew R. Tilman, Avinash K. Dixit, and Simon A. Levin, which was first published October 8, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1802872115. The authors note that the following statement should be added to the Acknowledgments: "Funding was provided by the National Science…
MEDICAL SCIENCES Correction for "Intestinal virome changes precede autoimmunity in type I diabetes-susceptible children," by Guoyan Zhao, Tommi Vatanen, Lindsay Droit, Arnold Park, Aleksandar D. Kostic, Tiffany W. Poon, Hera Vlamakis, Heli Siljander, Taina Härkönen, Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen, Aleksandr Peet, Vallo Tillmann, Jorma Ilonen, David Wang, Mikael Knip, Ramnik J. Xavier,…
PHARMACOLOGY, ENGINEERING Correction for "High-throughput in vivo screen of functional mRNA delivery identifies nanoparticles for endothelial cell gene editing," by Cory D. Sago, Melissa P. Lokugamage, Kalina Paunovska, Daryll A. Vanover, Christopher M. Monaco, Nirav N. Shah, Marielena Gamboa Castro, Shannon E. Anderson, Tobi G. Rudoltz, Gwyneth N. Lando, Pooja…
NEUROSCIENCE Correction to Supporting Information for "Submegabase copy number variations arise during cerebral cortical neurogenesis as revealed by single-cell whole-genome sequencing," by Suzanne Rohrback, Craig April, Fiona Kaper, Richard R. Rivera, Christine S. Liu, Benjamin Siddoway, and Jerold Chun, which was first published September 27, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1812702115 (Proc Natl Acad…
Moths use sound-absorbing scales to evade bats Cabbage tree emperor moth (B. alcinoe). Some species of moths escape echolocation by bats by using acute hearing that triggers evasive flights or by producing ultrasound clicks that telegraph the presence of defensive toxins, startle bats, or scramble bats' biosonar. Zhiyuan Shen et…
Steven A. Kliewer has spent his career studying the workings of regulatory proteins called nuclear hormone receptors, and their effects on metabolism. Kliewer's clinically relevant discoveries include the mechanism of action of thiazolidinedione diabetes drugs. A professor of molecular biology and pharmacology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center…
Dairy products provide a substantial part of the food energy intake for many populations around the world. Fresh milk is an important source of many proteins (whey β-lactoglobulin and caseins), fats, vitamin D, calcium, and electrolytes—but it has only a single carbohydrate, lactose (1). We can all digest lactose as…
Loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited intellectual deficiency and is associated with additional neurodevelopmental issues, including increased risks of autism and epilepsy and characteristic physical changes (1). FMRP is an mRNA binding protein (RBP) implicated in many…
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties with reciprocal social interactions, understanding and using (e.g., making eye contact) social cues, repetitive behaviors, and narrow interests (1). About 1% of individuals will meet current diagnostic criteria for ASD (2), with about a 4:1 ratio of males to females (3). Diagnostic…
Every day, billions of new cells are produced in our bodies, and an equivalent number must die. Normally this occurs by apoptosis (1), during which the chromatin compacts against the nuclear envelope, followed rapidly by nuclear fragmentation and budding into multiple membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. This "dance of death" results from…
The nascent field of circadian medicine posits that timing of medical interventions, including the administration of drugs and surgical procedures, can be important for maximum therapeutic efficacy and minimum side effects. However, with today's chaotic work schedules and light pollution, the phase of the body clock—the circadian time—varies between individuals…
For a microbe, location is everything. Factors such as temperature, as well as access to water and nutrients, determine what kinds of microbes can thrive in a particular place. By sequencing microbial DNA, researchers have discovered vast and previously unrecognized microscopic worlds, identifying the bugs that live in locales ranging…
Military They're the Best of What's New. Safety happens by the inch, through a relentless effort to stop the simple vulnerabilities that can lead to major threats—on our doorsteps, overseas, and in our…
During a coronary bypass procedure, surgeons redirect blood flow using an autologous bypass graft, most often derived from the patient's own veins. However, in certain situations where the patient does not have a suitable vein, surgeons must rely on synthetic vascular grafts which, while life-saving, are more prone to clot formation that eventually obstructs the graft.
Millions of people worldwide are living with chronic spinal cord injuries, with 250,000 to 500,000 new cases each year — most from vehicle crashes or falls. The most severe spinal cord injuries completely paralyze their victims and more than half impair a person's ability to breathe. Now, a breakthrough study has demonstrated, in animal models of chronic injury, that long-term, devastating effect
The solution to a 75-year-old materials mystery might one day allow farmers in developing nations to produce their own fertilizer on demand, using sunlight and nitrogen from the air.
Scientists have made the first comprehensive inventory of cells present in the human placenta of the first trimester, a stage when many pregnancy complications are thought to arise. The findings could give new fuel for research on conditions such as preeclampsia and pre-term birth.
The largest study of CRISPR action to date has developed a method to predict the exact mutations CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can introduce to a cell. Researchers edited 40,000 different pieces of DNA and analyzed a thousand million resulting DNA sequences to develop the machine learning predictive tool. The new resource will help make CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing more reliable, cheaper and more efficient
A global team of researchers has found the first common genetic risk factors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a complex condition affecting around one in 20 children.
Google workers on Tuesday posted an open letter calling on the internet giant to abort plans for "a censored search" service in China or risk setting a dangerous precedent.
New method of freeze-drying IPV maintains its potency in hot conditions A polio vaccine that can be stored as a dried powder at room temperature could offer a new way to help eradicate the disease, according to researchers. While existing vaccines have led to polio being eliminated in many countries around the world, including the UK, the highly contagious virus still circulates in the population
"I was always gung ho about going to graduate school for some reason," reflects Everet Rummel, a data analyst at the City University of New York. "That was naive." Rummel was indeed gung ho, embarking on a doctoral program in economics immediately after completing both his bachelor's and master's degrees in just four years. He was only 22 years old. And Rummel was indeed naive, at least in his ow
Investigators at the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital have used magnetoencephalography — a technology that measures brain activity by detecting the weak magnetic fields produced by the brain's normal electrical currents — to measure levels of the iron-based mineral called magnetite in the human brain.
To improve the success rate of synthetic grafts, a research team led by the University of Pittsburgh are investigating whether the 'active wrinkles' on the interior surface of arteries may help improve synthetic graft design and create a better alternative to autologous grafts for bypass surgery.
Smart meters on shower heads encouraged hotel guests to conserve—even though they personally saved no money. Christopher Intagliata reports. — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
The largest study of CRISPR action to date has developed a method to predict the exact mutations CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can introduce to a cell. Researchers at the Wellcome Sanger Institute edited 40,000 different pieces of DNA and analysed a thousand million resulting DNA sequences to reveal the effects of the gene editing and develop a machine learning predictive tool of the outcomes. This wil
Women are roughly twice as likely as men to develop depression, anxiety and other stress-related problems, including difficulty with attention, and new research from Brown University neuroscientists sheds light on the biological reasons why.
The use of tariffs by the Trump administration has confused more than a few leading economists. The policy and the motivations behind them do reflect an economic theory with a long tradition: mercantilism. Understanding mercantilism can help us understand why there is a call for more tariffs, and what might happen to the economy as a result of them. Nobody can say that President Trump's implement
On Sunday, U.S. Border Patrol agents used tear gas to disperse Central American migrants rushing for the fence separating San Diego and Tijuana. The Border Patrol maintains that agents found themselves under attack and that their response was measured and necessary. This is not the first such incident to have taken place in the vicinity. Almost exactly five years ago, a large assembly of border c
The filmmaker Marie-Cécile Embleton had just moved to London when she stumbled upon an octogenarian's repair shop tucked away in a corner of the city. "I was taking a photograph of [the shop owner] on an old medium-format camera when a man turned up and started talking about watches, time, and the universe," Embleton told The Atlantic . "He was intriguing and had such a beautiful face and presenc
The alignment of state pension ages for women and men—while in some senses a milestone for gender equality—has created very real difficulties for those whose who will now not receive their State Pension when they had originally expected to.
By analyzing gene expression patterns, researchers have identified previously unknown distinctions between mouse and human neurons. They have also developed a new way to track cellular changes associated with brain disorders.
The approach, called Karyomapping, was originally designed to detect and screen for single gene and chromosome disorders simultaneously in human IVF embryos.
The solution to a 75-year-old materials mystery might one day allow farmers in developing nations to produce their own fertilizer on demand, using sunlight and nitrogen from the air.
Scientists have determined the structure of the activated form of an enzyme that helps to return excess cholesterol to the liver, a study in eLife reports.
Pennsylvania's energy history is rich with the quantities of fossil fuels that it has produced, but is also rife with the environmental legacies of coal mining and, more recently, hydrofracturing. Water that finds its way into abandoned coal mines dotted throughout the Commonwealth resurfaces as acid mine drainage (AMD), while freshwater used to fracture or "frack" oil and natural gas deposits ree
Public protests are a vital, common tool for expressing grievances and creating communities. The political and social aspects of protests have been extensively studied, but little attention has been paid to the physical spaces in which they take place.
Scientists have developed a mathematical model showing that two types of cellular asymmetry, or 'polarity', govern the shaping of cells into sheets and tubes, according to an article in eLife.
The largest study of CRISPR action to date has developed a method to predict the exact mutations CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can introduce to a cell. Researchers at the Wellcome Sanger Institute edited 40,000 different pieces of DNA and analysed a thousand million resulting DNA sequences to develop the machine learning predictive tool. Reported today in Nature Biotechnology the new resource will help
Men for mig handler det ikke om fagpolitik – det handler om, hvordan vi får skabt et velfungerende sundhedsvæsen med høj kvalitet i alle sektorer og i alle dele af landet. For patienternes skyld.
A cohort of international lawmakers is trying to turn up the pressure on Facebook, grilling one of its executives and making a show of founder Mark Zuckerberg's refusal to explain to them why his company failed to protect users' data privacy.
Corn naturally tolerates certain herbicides, detoxifying the chemicals before they can cause harm. It's what allows farmers to spray fields with the class of herbicides known as HPPD-inhibitors, which kill weeds such as waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and leave corn unscathed. But in more and more fields, the method is failing; waterhemp isn't dying.
Supported throughout by the British School at Rome the team—drawn from Newcastle University, UK, the universities of Florence and Amsterdam and the Vatican Museums—have been able to bring the splendour of successive transformations of the ancient city to life.
After a bad winter in the ocean, female Magellanic penguins suffer more than males, according to a new study. Every autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, Magellanic penguins leave their coastal nesting sites in South America. For adults, their summer task—breeding, or at least trying to—is complete. Newly fledged chicks and adults gradually head out to sea to spend the winter feeding. They won't ret
InSight probe reveals desolate landscape as dust settles after its arrival on Martian surface This is the view across Elysium Planitia, the vast lava plain near the equator of Mars, where Nasa's InSight lander touched down after a hair-raising descent on Monday. The probe snapped the image of the desolate landscape as the dust thrown up by its arrival was still settling around it. Over the coming
Humanity is falling further behind in the race against climate change, with the gap between greenhouse gas emissions and levels needed to achieve the Paris climate treaty temperature goals continuing to widen, the UN said Tuesday.
Technology They're the Best of What's New. A true innovation for the home should either work better than its predecessor or fulfill a need we didn't realize we had.
Facebook acknowledged on Tuesday that its engineers had flagged suspicious Russian activity as early as 2014—long before it became public—but did not confirm evidence of a coordinated campaign.
Upchuck, bubby, boff, wriggly, yaps, giggle, cooch, guffaw, puffball, and jiggly: the top 10 funniest words in the English language, according to a new study by University of Alberta psychology experts. The researchers determined that there are two main kinds of predictors of funniness in words: those related to the form of the word and those related to its meaning.
Adherence to proven protocols for disinfecting surgeons' hands, patients' skin, and operating room surfaces could help to halt the spread of dangerous Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pathogens in the operating room and beyond, according to new research published in the American Journal of Infection Control, the journal of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology.
Tadashi Tokieda lives in a world in which ordinary objects do extraordinary things. Jars of rice refuse to roll down ramps. Strips of paper slip past solid obstacles . Balls swirling inside a bowl switch direction when more balls join them. Yet Tokieda's world is none other than our own. His public mathematics lectures could easily be mistaken for magic shows, but there's no sleight of hand, no h
Exclusive: staff at Johnson & Johnson had concerns it could harden in body, emails show • Revealed: how faulty implants harm patients worldwide • Why we're examining the implants industry A vaginal mesh implant made by one of the world's biggest pharmaceutical firms was launched despite the company being warned it could shrink and harden inside the body, company documents reveal. Internal emails
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a term referring to blood clots in the veins, is a highly prevalent and far-reaching public health problem that can cause disability and death. Despite effective new options for prevention and treatment, VTE remains a threat underappreciated by the general public, causing up to 100,000 deaths annually in the United States alone.
The finding comes amid a Trump Administration push to increase federal fossil fuel leases and roll back methane regulations — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
A new study shows that the genetic makeup of northern Europe traces back to migrations from Siberia that began at least 3,500 years ago and that, as recently as the Iron Age, ancestors of the Saami lived in a larger area of Finland than today.
Scientists have made the first comprehensive inventory of cells present in the human placenta of the first trimester, a stage when many pregnancy complications are thought to arise. The findings could give new fuel for research on conditions such as preeclampsia and pre-term birth.
In new pre-clinical research, scientists at the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), led by Scott Thompson, PhD, Professor of Physiology, have identified changes in brain activity linked to the pleasure and reward system.
a breakthrough study has demonstrated, in animal models of chronic injury, that long-term, devastating effects of spinal cord trauma on breathing and limb function may be reversible.
Flirting is an important part of life. It can be a fun, adventurous way to meet others and develop intimate relationships. Many people find flirting to be an anxiety-ridden experience, but science can help us discover principles to be more relaxed while flirting. Smiling and eye contact are proven winners, while pick-up lines are a flirty fallacy. None Flirting is a universal part of human life .
Powered by both Chrome OS and Android, Google's answer to the iPad and Surface promises a computing future where anything is possible. And it sort of delivers.
Water fleas of the genus Daphnia detect via chemical substances if their predators, namely Chaoborus larvae, are hunting in their vicinity. If so, they generate defenses that make them more difficult to consume. The signalling molecules that enable detection have been identified by biologists and chemists. It is a cocktail of substances that occurs during digestive processes of Chaoborus larvae.
Bacteria can become insensitive to antibiotics by picking up resistance genes from the environment. Unfortunately for patients, the stress response induced by antibiotics activates competence, the ability of cells to take up and integrate foreign DNA, in microorganisms. Microbiologists now describe a new mechanism by which Streptococcus pneumoniae can become competent, and why biofilms may be impo
New research suggests that mitochondria help neurons grow and make proper connections in the developing brain. The work could open up new lines of inquiry into may be at play when these processes go awry in brain disease.
A new study has drawn a direct link between the amount of stigma men with HIV report experiencing and their scores on cognitive tests, measuring abilities such as memory and attention.
A new mathematical tool shows that altering one of two asymmetries in the properties of single cells controls how they organize into folded, biological shapes, and explains how these shapes are precisely reproduced and maintained.
A phase 3 clinical trial finds that injections of the monoclonal antibody drug lanadelumab reduced attacks of hereditary angioedema — a rare, potentially life-threatening disorder.
Space And in a great year for space exploration, that's saying something. This spacecraft is going to the most deadly place in the solar system—our sun. And it's not just getting kind of close.
Cars They're the Best of What's New. When you consider an electric supercar that snaps back your head with acceleration, it's easy to conclude 2018 was a heckuva year for road-going brilliance.
Last May, several dozen young men gathered on the steps of the courthouse in Baraboo, Wisconsin, to take pictures before their high-school prom. It's not clear what was going through each of their heads—though one could guess—when the majority of them extended their right arms, mimicking the Nazi salute as a parent snapped a picture. The students dropped their arms and proceeded to prom. But six
Rapid emissions turnaround needed to keep global warming at less than 2C, report suggests Countries are failing to take the action needed to stave off the worst effects of climate change, a UN report has found , and the commitments made in the 2015 Paris agreement will not be met unless governments introduce additional measures as a matter of urgency. New taxes on fossil fuels, investment in clea
By analyzing gene expression patterns, researchers have identified previously unknown distinctions between mouse and human neurons. They have also developed a new way to track cellular changes associated with brain disorders.
Researchers at Brown University found that stress early in the life of female mice leads to fewer 'tuning' neurons in the part of the brain responsible for making sense of emotions and following rules.
A Veterans Affairs study finds that post-9-11 veterans with a history of repeated traumatic brain injuries — versus none — are at much greater risk for considering suicide.
UT Southwestern researchers have found that an enzyme on the surface of some lung cancer cells helps feed the cancer, making it a tempting treatment target.
The first study to investigate microplastics around Ascension Island and the Falkland Islands—two of the most remote locations in the South Atlantic Ocean—has found levels of contamination comparable with the waters around the UK.
An innovative new project has discovered that animal footprints contain enough DNA to allow for species identification. Scientists have traditionally relied on snow-tracks and camera traps to monitor populations of rare carnivores, like Canada lynx, fishers and wolverines. These traditional techniques can tell part of, but not the entire story of an animal population, and are sometimes difficult t
The microorganisms that cause malaria, leishmaniasis and a variety of other illnesses today can be traced back at least to the time of dinosaurs, a study of amber-preserved blood-sucking insects and ticks show.
Scientists at the University of Kent have successfully applied a new way to screen the genetics of cattle embryos, based on technology originally developed for human IVF.
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication, affecting one quarter to one half of all patients following cardiac surgery. It can result in heart failure, stroke, and longer hospital stays, resulting in an increased cost of care. HeartRhythm, the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society and the Cardiac Electrophysiology Society, reports promising results from two clinical
Let me describe what I hear as I sit in a coffee shop writing this article. It's late morning on a Saturday, between the breakfast and lunch rushes. People talk in hushed voices at tables. The staff make pithy jokes amongst themselves, enjoying the downtime. Fingers clack on keyboards, and glasses clink against wood and stone countertops. Occasionally, the espresso machines grind and roar. The co
Losing just a couple hours of sleep at night makes you angrier, especially in frustrating situations, according to new research. While the results may seem intuitive, the study is one of the first to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. The research also provides new insight on our ability to adjust to irritating conditions when tired.
Pennsylvania's energy history is rich with the quantities of fossil fuels that it has produced, but is also rife with the environmental legacies of coal mining and, more recently, hydrofracturing. Water that finds its way into abandoned coal mines dotted throughout the Commonwealth resurfaces as acid mine drainage (AMD), while freshwater used to fracture or "frack" oil and natural gas deposits ree
A new project shows that animal footprints contain enough DNA for species identification. The study extracted DNA from snow samples collected within animal tracks and applied newly developed molecular genetic assays. The assays positively detected the DNA of each species, outperforming traditional lab techniques on previously undetectable genetic samples. This method could revolutionize winter sur
The microorganisms that cause malaria, leishmaniasis and a variety of other illnesses today can be traced back at least to the time of dinosaurs, a study of amber-preserved blood-sucking insects and ticks show.
Biologists have discovered that oxidative damage by free radicals produces an unusual pileup of short snippets of RNA in some neurons. This RNA buildup may predispose cells to neurodegenerative diseases.
For most, the time spent staring at screens — on computers, phones, iPads — constitutes many hours and can often disrupt sleep. Now, researchers have pinpointed how certain cells in the eye process ambient light and reset our internal clocks, the daily cycles of physiological processes known as the circadian rhythm. When these cells are exposed to artificial light late into the night, our intern
A researcher for the first time has modeled how microplastic fibers move through the environment. The work could someday help communities better understand and reduce plastics pollution, which is a growing problem around the world.
Researchers have shown for the first time the physiological mechanism by which a memory is formed and then subsequently forgotten. The research, which was done in fruit flies, looked at the synaptic changes that occur during learning and forgetting. The investigators found that a single dopamine neuron can drive both the learning and forgetting process.
Scientists have discovered nearly two dozen new types of microbes, many of which use hydrocarbons such as methane and butane as energy sources — meaning they might be helping to limit the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and might one day be useful for cleaning up oil spills.
A new study shows that humans with a genetic variant making them adverse to caffeine drink more coffee. The same is not true with other bitter flavors, such as PROP and quinine. Tea and alcohol drinkers did not produce the same results. None That human behavior is guided by seemingly counter-intuitive actions is well-founded. The person that always talks about being trusting is often the least tr
Nerve cells stripped of their insulation can no longer carry vital information, leading to the numbness, weakness and vision problems often associated with multiple sclerosis. A new study shows an overlooked source may be able to replace that lost insulation and provide a new way to treat diseases like MS.
The solution to a 75-year-old materials mystery might one day allow farmers in developing nations to produce their own fertilizer on demand, using sunlight and nitrogen from the air.
Researchers have pinpointed a protein that plays a key role in a type of rare cancer often leading to tumours around joints and tendons, according to new findings in eLife.
research from the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, published recently in Environmental Science & Technology, found that co-treatment of research from the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, published recently in Environmental Science & Technology, found that co-treatment of acid mine drainage and produced fracking fluid may not only solve two environmenta
Losing just a couple hours of sleep at night makes you angrier, especially in frustrating situations, according to new Iowa State University research. While the results may seem intuitive, the study is one of the first to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. The research also provides new insight on our ability to adjust to irritating conditions when tired.
Scientists at Scripps Research have found an important immune system-regulating protein that in principle could be targeted to treat cancers and chronic viral infections.
Five UC Santa Barbara professors join the ranks as Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for 2018. Election as an AAAS Fellow is an honor bestowed upon AAAS members by their peers for 'their efforts toward advancing science applications that are deemed scientifically or socially distinguished.'
Bacteria can become insensitive to antibiotics by picking up resistance genes from the environment. Unfortunately for patients, the stress response induced by antibiotics activates competence, the ability of cells to take up and integrate foreign DNA, in microorganisms. Microbiologists from the University of Groningen (UG) and the University of Lausanne now describe a new mechanism by which Strept
For most, the time spent staring at screens — on computers, phones, iPads — constitutes many hours and can often disrupt sleep. Now, Salk Institute researchers have pinpointed how certain cells in the eye process ambient light and reset our internal clocks, the daily cycles of physiological processes known as the circadian rhythm. When these cells are exposed to artificial light late into the ni
MIT biologists have discovered that oxidative damage by free radicals produces an unusual pileup of short snippets of RNA in some neurons. This RNA buildup may predispose cells to neurodegenerative diseases.
Laws passed in 32 states promote the use of telemedicine by mandating coverage and reimbursement. Telemedicine is the remote evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of patients using electronic communication. In this study, claims data from a large, private US health plan were analyzed to estimate the growth in telemedicine from 2005 to 2017.
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) finds limited or inconsistent evidence on the benefits of primary care interventions to prevent child maltreatment (defined as abuse, neglect or both). Children with signs or symptoms suggesting maltreatment should be assessed or reported according to applicable state laws.
A study of sex workers finds unexpectedly low rates of reported condom use for all forms of penetrative sex — and particularly oral sex. The authors highlight the need for decriminalization of the sex industry, increased sexual health education in the wider community and increased peer support opportunities among sex workers.
A phase 3 clinical trial led by a Massachusetts General Hospital physician, finds that injections of the monoclonal antibody drug lanadelumab reduced attacks of hereditary angioedema — a rare, potentially life-threatening disorder.
Most studies on how multiple myeloma develops focus on DNA abnormalities, but new research has uncovered an association between abnormalities in RNA and the cancer's progression. Multiple myeloma is the second most common type of blood cancer where cancer cells accumulate in the bone marrow, crowding out healthy blood cells. Researchers discovered that over-expression of ADAR1, a RNA-editing enzy
E-cigarettes reduce the amount of nitric oxide being produced, increasing the likelihood of heart damage. Vaping might be "healthier" than smoking traditional cigarettes, but as more research continues to be published, e-cigs are certainly not being shown as "healthy." Juul's recent removal of flavored pods from retail outlets was pre-empting forthcoming FDA regulations. None The notion that e-ci
Researchers have sequenced the genome of the tegu, Salvator merianae: a lizard that has taken an evolutionary step toward warm-bloodedness. It is also a highly desired pet, that can often be house-trained; unfortunately, as part of the exotic pet trade, it has been released in new environments and become a threat to local species. This extremely high-quality tegu genome sequence will be of use to
Physicians have, for the first time, induced a sense of smell in humans by using electrodes in the nose to stimulate nerves in the olfactory bulb, a structure in the brain where smell information from the nose is processed and sent to deeper regions of brain.
It sounds like the plot of the world's tiniest horror movie: deep in the Ecuadorian Amazon, a newly discovered species of wasp transforms a 'social' spider into a zombie that abandons its colony to do the wasp's bidding. That's the gruesome, real-life discovery by researchers who detail the manipulative relationship between a new Zatypota species wasp and a social Anelosimus eximius spider in a ne
Exploring objects through touch can generate detailed, durable memories for those objects, even when we don't intend to memorize the object's details, according to a new study.
Patienter lider og dør på grund af manglende kontrol med implantater, viser international kulegravning. Sagen med plastiknettet til frugter startede den dybdeborende kortlægning.
Eyewire is the perfect marriage of Biology and Computer Science. The process begins in biology, where we take chunks of brain and image them. We then digitize the images and use AI to begin the reconstruction process. We then continue in the CompSci vein by gamifying the data and handing it over to human players via the Eyewire website. After the neurons are reconstructed in 3D it's back over to
A minimally invasive procedure in which pulses of energy from a probe are applied directly to nerve roots near the spine is safe and effective in people with acute lower back pain that has not responded to conservative treatment, according to a new study.
Injectable vaccine, freeze-dried into a powder, kept at room temperature for four weeks and then rehydrated, offered full protection against the polio virus when tested in mice.
The alignment of state pension ages for women and men — while in some senses a milestone for gender equality — has created very real difficulties for those whose who will now not receive their State Pension when they had originally expected to.
Scientists have determined the structure of the activated form of an enzyme that helps to return excess cholesterol to the liver, a study in eLife reports.
The number of low-income women enrolled in Medicaid before becoming pregnant rose substantially in states that expanded Medicaid eligibility through the Affordable Care Act. Higher rates of health insurance before pregnancy may improve access to preconception care, which can help women to appropriately plan their pregnancy and optimize their health before conceiving.
Scientists have developed a mathematical model showing that two types of cellular asymmetry, or 'polarity,' govern the shaping of cells into sheets and tubes, according to an article in eLife.
A new study has drawn a direct link between the amount of stigma men with HIV report experiencing and their scores on cognitive tests, measuring abilities such as memory and attention.
As tumors develop, they evolve genetically. How does the immune system act when faced with tumor cells? How does it exert pressure on the genetic diversity of cancer cells? Scientists from the Institut Pasteur and Inserm used in vivo video techniques and cell-specific staining to visualize the action of immune cells in response to the proliferation of cancer cells. The findings have been published
This research, published online today in Nature Communications, suggests that these unusually small, squat mitochondria help neurons grow and make proper connections in the developing brain. The work could open up new lines of inquiry into may be at play when these processes go awry in brain disease.
Once a typhoon, Man-yi has weakened to a tropical storm as it continues to track through the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, far to the east of Taiwan. The GPM core satellite provided a look at the rain rates throughout the storm and found heaviest rain displaced to the northeast of the center.
It appears that researchers in China have facilitated the birth of the first "designer baby" – actually babies, twin girls who are supposedly genetically resistant to HIV. The scientist who created the embryos, as well as some American scientists like Harvard's George Church, have praised the beneficent intent to producing a child who is resistant to disease. Who could argue with such good intenti
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) asserts that limiting global warming to 1.5˚C could avert the most catastrophic effects of climate change. In its recent report, it laid out four means of achieving this —and all of them rely on removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This is because even if we cut most of our carbon emissions down to zero, emissions from agriculture and ai
Tech that can decode your brain activity and reveal what you're thinking and feeling is on the horizon, says legal scholar and ethicist Nita Farahany. What will it mean for our already violated sense of privacy? In a cautionary talk, Farahany warns of a society where people are arrested for merely thinking about committing a crime (like in "Minority Report") and private interests sell our brain da
The gender gap in math and science isn't going away. Women remain less likely to enroll in math-heavy fields of study and pursue math-heavy careers. This pattern persists despite major studies finding no meaningful differences in mathematics performance among girls and boys.
When mass casualty incidents occur—shootings, earthquakes, multiple car pile ups—first responders can easily be overwhelmed by the sheer number of victims. When every second counts, monitoring all the victims in a chaotic situation can be difficult. Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory developed a stick-on sensor that measures and tracks a patient's
Gadgets They're the Best of What's New. This year's Best of What's New gadgets category includes leaps forward in both virtual and augmented reality, which were welcome reprieves from the increasingly hectic…
Deforestation in Brazil has reached such epic proportions that an area equivalent to one million football pitches was lost in just one year, Greenpeace said.
The pulp and paper industry and the wood product industry in Finland together produce three million tonnes of softwood bark as waste every year. Most of this is used in energy production, but useful raw materials can also be extracted from softwood bark to create bio-based products and materials. Rehap partner VTT has developed a method to extract a high yield of tannins from bark.
University of Nottingham researchers have developed 100 percent biodegradable and edible food packaging made from plant carbohydrates and proteins to replace polluting plastic materials and improve storage, safety and shelf life.
Corn naturally tolerates certain herbicides, detoxifying the chemicals before they can cause harm. It's what allows farmers to spray fields with the class of herbicides known as HPPD-inhibitors, which kill weeds such as waterhemp and Palmer amaranth and leave corn unscathed. But in more and more fields, the method is failing; waterhemp isn't dying.
Physicists from ITMO University developed a model of an optical tractor beam to capture particles based on new artificial materials. Such a beam is capable of moving particles or cells towards the radiation source. The study showed that hyperbolic metasurfaces are promising for experiments on creating the tractor beam, as well as for its practical applications. The results are published in ACS Pho
Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser light, to control and manipulate minute objects such as single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices.
Researchers from Wits and colleagues from the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar are on a 'detective mission' to describe, classify and trace the history of a meteorite that landed in and around the small town of Benenitra in southwestern Madagascar shortly before the lunar eclipse on July 27, 2018.
A new study from Regenstrief Institute investigators addresses breakdowns in the referral from primary care to medical specialist process and presents a prototype template using evidence-based design to improve communication about referrals among clinicians.
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Tegn abonnement på
BioNyt Videnskabens Verden (www.bionyt.dk) er Danmarks ældste populærvidenskabelige tidsskrift for naturvidenskab. Det er det eneste blad af sin art i Danmark, som er helliget international forskning inden for livsvidenskaberne.
Bladet bringer aktuelle, spændende forskningsnyheder inden for biologi, medicin og andre naturvidenskabelige områder som f.eks. klimaændringer, nanoteknologi, partikelfysik, astronomi, seksualitet, biologiske våben, ecstasy, evolutionsbiologi, kloning, fedme, søvnforskning, muligheden for liv på mars, influenzaepidemier, livets opståen osv.
Artiklerne roses for at gøre vanskeligt stof forståeligt, uden at den videnskabelige holdbarhed tabes.
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