Author Correction: Competitive endogenous RNA is an intrinsic component of EMT regulatory circuits and modulates EMT
Nature Communications, Published online: 20 November 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13370-4
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Author Correction: The importance of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles
Nature Communications, Published online: 20 November 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13390-0
21h
Publisher Correction: Harnessing innate immunity in cancer therapy
Nature, Published online: 20 November 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1758-2
21h
A Twitter #Fartgate, A Google Dream's Death, and More News From Today
Catch up on the most important news from today in two minutes or less.
21h
NASA Confirms Water Vapor Erupting from Europa
Jupiter's moon Europa has been the subject of intense study ever since the Voyager probes sent back images of its cracked, icy surface. There's a strong possibility Europa has a subsurface liquid ocean. Some observations have shown geysers erupting from the moon, but we haven't been able to verify there was water there until now. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center confirms water vapor bursting fo
22h
Bill Gates-Backed Solar Startup Aims to Replace Fossil Fuels in Heavy Industry
One of the most difficult problems facing first-world countries as they search for more environmentally sustainable manufacturing methods is the issue of fossil fuel use in heavy industry. According to a Bill Gates-backed startup, Heliogen, it's solved a major problem with industrial manufacturing and developed solar technology that can replace the conventional fossil fuels often used in these ty
22h
DoorDash hit with lawsuit alleging it misled customers over driver tips – CNET
The attorney general of Washington, DC, says the food-delivery company's tipping model was "deceptive."
22h
How to avoid (and treat) hypothermia
Not exactly the pool you'd like to dive into. (Bryan Rodriguez via Unsplash/) A backpacker hikes through the woods, feet crunching through snow, working up a sweat as she trudges miles into the wilderness to set up camp. In the evening, with her clothes still damp from the day's exertion, she can't stop shivering and her muscles grow stiff. A cross-country skier glides through a winter wonderland
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CRISPR For Sickle Cell Disease Shows Promise In Early Test
Scientists are reporting the first evidence that genetically edited cells could be safely helping a patient with sickle cell disease. The cells are producing a crucial oxygen-carrying protein.
22h
U.S. Senate panel sees a standard grant application as defense against foreign influence
Report chides agencies for not recognizing aggressive Chinese tactics for acquiring technology
22h
New danger for corals in warming oceans: Metal pollution
Metal copper from agricultural runoff and marine paint leaching from boat hulls poses an emerging threat to soft coral sea fans in the waters around Puerto Rico.
23h
NASA's TESS helps astronomers study red-giant stars, examine a too-close planet
Iowa State astronomers are part of an international team that has been analyzing data from NASA's TESS Mission. The astronomers describe their study of two red-giant stars — older, 'retired' stars no longer burning hydrogen in their cores — in a paper recently published by The Astrophysical Journal. The study details an interesting case of planetary evolution and demonstrates how star studies ca
23h
NASA Says It Found Building Blocks of Life in Fallen Meteorites
Raining Down A team of scientists says it's found sugar molecules — crucial to the development of life on Earth — in two different fallen meteorites. The discovery suggests that meteor impacts may have delivered the sugars to Earth, per a NASA press release . One of the sugars is the RNA component ribose, a key biological building block, and the discovery that it may have come from space complica
23h
Microsoft competes for popularity with upstart Slack
Microsoft says that its own workplace collaboration service Teams now has more than 20 million daily active users.
23h
Astronomers Detect Water Vapor Around Jupiter's Moon Europa
Scientists caught Europa spewing enough water vapor to fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool in minutes. But where is it coming from?
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Fly me (partway) to the moon
Last week, scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the University of Guelph sent a telescope to the top of the sky, almost to space itself. The trip was a moonlight-gathering mission that has yielded some of the best measurements ever taken of the brightness,
23h
Demographic shifts, voter fears, and presidential voting
Did Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign benefit from voters' fears of immigrants in communities experiencing greater demographic change?
23h
Violent campus clashes between protesters and police stir fears for Hong Kong universities
Research continues during the confrontations, but long-term effects on student and faculty recruitment are unclear
23h
Diagenode to Offer Single-Cell ATAC-Seq Services Featuring Bio-Rad's Droplet Digital PCR Technology
Diagenode, Inc., a leading global provider of solutions for epigenetics research and sample preparation, and Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (NYSE: BIO and BIOb), a global leader in life science research and clinical diagnostic products, today announced a partnership in which Diagenode will offer Single-Cell ATAC-Seq (scATAC-Seq) Services, featuring Bio-Rad's Droplet Digital PCR technology, to help adv
23h
NASA identifies new Atlantic Tropical Storm Sebastien
NASA's Aqua satellite captured an image of newly formed Tropical Storm Sebastien, located northeast of the Leeward Islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
23h
NASA tracks Typhoon Kalmaegi affecting Northern Philippines
NASA's Terra satellite captured an image of Typhoon Kalmaegi as it moved into the Luzon Strait and continued to affect the northern Philippines.
23h
New danger for corals in warming oceans: Metal pollution
Metal copper from agricultural runoff and marine paint leaching from boat hulls poses an emerging threat to soft coral sea fans in the waters around Puerto Rico.
23h
New statistical model improves the predictive power of standardized test scores
A standout essay, high grade point average and stellar standardized test scores are sometimes not enough for college admissions.
23h
Bio-Rad Introduces EveryBlot Blocking Buffer that Offers 5-Minute Blocking Time and Greater Sensitivity for Western Blots
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (NYSE: BIO and BIOb) today announced the launch of EveryBlot Blocking Buffer, a western blot blocking reagent that offers 5-minute blocking time and produces higher signal and lower background levels resulting in greater sensitivity for western blots compared to other available blocking buffers.
23h
Team saw how an attacker could hijack Android camera for spyfest
Android camera security threat, disclosed and since addressed, had spy vulnerabilities. These were fixed by Google and Samsung with a patch rolled out for Pixel and Samsung devices The recent …
23h
3 questions we should ask about nuclear weapons | Emma Belcher
There are more than 10,000 nuclear weapons in existence today, each one capable of causing immense destruction. Why don't we talk about this threat as much as some other major issues? In this practical talk, nuclear security expert Emma Belcher shares three questions you can ask your elected officials to gain a better understanding of nuclear weapons and the measures we need to stay safe.
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'An evil I've never seen before': Doctors scramble to understand vaping-related lung disease
Scientists now believe that the primary culprit in this health crisis is vitamin E acetate, though research continues for other toxic factors. Vitamin E is a gooey thickener often used in black-market cannabis-based vaping products. Vapers who feel like they may have pneumonia should consult a physician immediately. None Surgeons are not squeamish people, so when one of them says , "This is an ev
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Our best bet against tick infestations might be fire
Whether controlled fires reduce tick populations is still somewhat controversial. The conflagration physically kills most ticks, but the question lies in how quickly populations are able to rebound. People hate ticks. In fact, they hate them so much that folks are willing to deal with the hazards that accompany fire, like smoke, in order to reduce their populations. That's what Pennsylvania State
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Families of youth with autism face big barriers to care, gaps in services
New research at Case Western Reserve University found big gaps in services and continued care for children with autism — and their families — as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.
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BU and BMC find pediatric behavioral health care integration shows promise
A new study published in Health Services Research and led by a Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) researcher finds that, in the first year and a half of the program, children with mental health diagnoses who were served by the TEAM UP sites went for more primary care visits than similar children served by nearby non-participating community health centers.
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Study: Sepsis survivors require follow-up support
Survivors of sepsis — a life-threatening response to an infection — have expressed a need for advocacy and follow-up support, according to a study authored by professors at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis, and published in Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing.
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E-meditation: A new tool for an ancient technique
E-meditation combines meditation with a low-level electrical stimulation that activates areas of the brain associated with meditation. Previous studies have suggested the combination of meditation and brain stimulation leads to reduced stress. At the Joint Meeting of Neuromodulation, Medical University of South Carolina researchers reported results from a study conducted during a five-day meditati
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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications, Volume 4, Supplement 1 publishes
selected abstracts from the 30th Great Wall International Cardiology (GW-ICC) Conference, Beijing, China, October 10 – 13, 2019 Beijing, November 19, 2019: Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications (CVIA), in its role as the official journal of the Great Wall International Cardiology Conference (GW-ICC), has published selected abstracts from the 30th GW-ICC. The abstracts are now online at http
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Photosynthesis Is the Strategy Game That Lets You Take Control of a Forest Ecosystem
If you're looking for a new and green strategy game for your collection, the people at Blue Orange Games have just the thing. It's called Photosynthesis , and it puts two-to-four players in control of their own living forests, planting trees and guiding them through their life-cycles from tiny seeds all the way through full bloom and the cyclical process known as rebirth. Described as "the evergr
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Trans kids and cis kids are both sure of their gender
Gender identity and gender-typed preferences manifest similarly in both cis- and transgender children, even those who recently transitioned, research finds. Children who identify as the gender matching their sex at birth tend to gravitate toward the toys, clothing, and friendships stereotypically associated with that gender. Transgender children do the same with their gender, regardless of how lo
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Gender parity still falls short in Australia's research workforce
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03585-2 Female scientists continue to be under-represented across academia.
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New danger for corals in warming oceans: Metal pollution
Metal copper from agricultural runoff and marine paint leaching from boat hulls poses an emerging threat to soft coral sea fans in the waters around Puerto Rico.
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New statistical model improves the predictive power of standardized test scores
A study from Arizona State University and the University of Denver has validated a new statistical model that uses multiple standardized test scores over time to predict future academic performance. The dynamic measurement model accurately predicted academic performance decades in the future, and the predictions were three times better than current assessment methods. The model can be implemented
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Demographic shifts, voter fears, and presidential voting
New research from University of Pennsylvania, University of California, San Diego and Yale University shows Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign didn't benefit from voters' fears of immigrants in communities experiencing greater demographic change, a finding that surprised even the political scientists who conducted the study, including Penn political scientist Daniel J. Hopkins.
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NASA tracks Typhoon Kalmaegi affecting Northern Philippines
NASA's Terra satellite captured an image of Typhoon Kalmaegi as it moved into the Luzon Strait and continued to affect the northern Philippines.
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Macy's reveals hackers stole customer information through My Account wallet and online checkout
This week, Macy's announced customers who used its website to make purchases between October 7 and October 15, 2019 could have had their personal information stolen by hackers.
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How heat from the sun could help clean up steel and cement
Serial entrepreneur Bill Gross has launched a new solar thermal venture, designed to cut climate emissions from industrial heat.
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Swapping academia for aquaculture
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03571-8 Marine scientist turned aquaculturalist discusses how she moved from the laboratory to an oyster farm.
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To See the Future of Disinformation, You Build Robo-Trolls
AI-powered software is getting better and could soon be weaponized for online disinformation.
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Endangered whales react to environmental changes
Some "canaries" are 50 feet long, weigh 70 tons, and are nowhere near a coal mine. But the highly endangered North Atlantic right whale is sending the same kind of message about disruptive change in the environment by rapidly altering its use of important habitat areas off the New England coast. These findings are contained in a new study published in Global Change Biology by scientists at the Cen
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Spreading life to other planets. How can we adapt them to sustain terrestrial biosphere?
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New Analysis Shows Billionaires' Dream of Space Tourism Would Be Disaster for Emissions, Climate Crisis: One SpaceX rocket flight is equal to 395 one-way transatlantic flights.
submitted by /u/Kunphen [link] [comments]
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Secretive energy startup backed by Bill Gates achieves solar breakthrough
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Perception won't be reality, once AI can manipulate what we see
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The Future of Banking Is … You're Broke – Our present financial ruin is being turned into a business model.
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The robotic pooch from Boston Dynamics' viral videos is ready for real work – The eerily agile Spot is surveying progress at construction sites using AI-analyzed, 360-degree images.
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Moore's Law, R.I.P. – Mark Hulbert asks why has Moore's Law died, or if it's not yet passed, is it on life support? Because it's becoming harder and harder to produce the innovations necessary to keep the law alive.
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Breakthrough discovery in plants' DNA may lead to slowing aging process in humans
submitted by /u/izumi3682 [link] [comments]
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Secretive energy startup backed by Bill Gates achieves solar breakthrough
submitted by /u/blaspheminCapn [link] [comments]
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Melting Swiss glaciers to fuel conflicts over water. Peak water moment has already been reached in most reservoirs in South America, but not in Asia or North America, says Huss. "The turning point in the Alps has arrived now."
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Croatia's first geothermal power plant and the largest such plant in continental Europe using binary technology was formally opened on Tuesday, just outside Bjelovar, about 90 kilometres northeast of Zagreb.
submitted by /u/three-day79962 [link] [comments]
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Nikola Corporation to Unveil Game-Changing Battery Cell Technology at Nikola World 2020
submitted by /u/JaconSass [link] [comments]
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Deep brain stimulation safer for patients with new MRI compatible electrode
Carbon electrodes will last longer than metal when embedded in the brain of patients with Parkinson's and tremors, and won't be affected by MRI.
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NASA identifies new Atlantic Tropical Storm Sebastien
NASA's Aqua satellite captured an image of newly formed Tropical Storm Sebastien, located northeast of the Leeward Islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
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When do alcohol-dependent mothers parent harshly?
While parents with substance use disorders are more likely to treat their children harshly, they don't do so all the time. What are the triggers? And how can substance-dependent mothers and their medical care providers predict difficulties across challenging parenting contexts?
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Endangered whales react to environmental changes
Some "canaries" are 50 feet long, weigh 70 tons, and are nowhere near a coal mine. But the highly endangered North Atlantic right whale is sending the same kind of message about disruptive change in the environment by rapidly altering its use of important habitat areas off the New England coast. These findings are contained in a new study published in Global Change Biology by scientists at the Cen
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People Are Selling 3D Virtual Sex Models of Celebs, Exes
Just Ugh People are using advanced modeling technology to create, sell, and have virtual sex with 3D avatars of celebrities or — disturbingly — their ex-partners. The porn is made created by 3D-rendering software like Virt-A-Mate and Foto2vam and shared or sold over sites like Reddit and Patreon, Motherboard reports . A booming marketplace already exists for 3D models of celebrities like Emilia C
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Endangered whales react to environmental changes
Some 'canaries' are 50 feet long, weigh 70 tons, and are nowhere near a coal mine. But the highly endangered North Atlantic right whale is sending the same kind of message about disruptive change in the environment by rapidly altering its use of important habitat areas off the New England coast.
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Technique identifies T cells primed for certain allergies or infections
Researchers can now identify T cells reactive to a particular target from a patient's cells, and to perform high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing of those cells.
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Chronic opioid therapy can disrupt sleep, increase risk of sleep disorders
Patients and medical providers should be aware that chronic opioid use can interfere with sleep by reducing sleep efficiency and increasing the risk of sleep-disordered breathing.
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Daily cannabis use lowers odds of using illicit opioids among people who have chronic pain
For those using illicit opioids to manage their chronic pain, cannabis may be a beneficial — and a less dangerous — alternative, according to new research.
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Evidence in mice that childhood asthma is influenced by the neurotransmitter dopamine
Neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine communicate with T cells to enhance allergic inflammation in the lungs of young mice but not older mice, researchers report. The findings potentially explain why asthma susceptibility is higher in children. By highlighting the important role of interactions between the nervous system and the immune system in childhood asthma, the results could lea
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Scientists use modern technology to understand how ochre paint was created in pictographs
Ochre was often used as a vivid red paint in ancient rock art known as pictographs. Despite its broad use throughout human history and a modern focus on how the artistic symbolism is interpreted, little research exists on the paint itself and how it was produced. Now, scientists are using electron microscopes to understand how ochre paint was created by hunter-gatherers in North America to produce
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New antenna tech to equip ceramic coatings with heat radiation control
The gas turbines powering aircraft engines rely on ceramic coatings that ensure structural stability at high temperatures. But these coatings don't control heat radiation, limiting the performance of the engine.
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Five more companies will compete for NASA's $2.6 billion moon purse
A fleet of commercial landers may be making their way to the moon in the coming years. (Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems Inc /) NASA has set the ambitious ( some might say aspirational ) goal of sending a crew to the moon in 2024, but this time it doesn't want to go alone. On Monday, the agency announced that five new companies will be joining its lunar support posse: SpaceX, Blue Origin, Sierra Neva
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Depression puts South African girls at higher risk of contracting HIV
By the time they reach adulthood, one in four South African girls will have contracted the HIV virus. Experiencing depression puts these girls at even higher risk of infection, reveals analyses led by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, The findings, which appear in the American Journal of Epidemiology, suggest that interventions targeted at improving mental health among adolesc
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Endangered whales react to environmental changes
Some 'canaries' are 50 feet long, weigh 70 tons, and are nowhere near a coal mine. But the highly endangered North Atlantic right whale is sending the same kind of message about disruptive change in the environment by rapidly altering its use of important habitat areas off the New England coast.
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Chronic opioid therapy can disrupt sleep, increase risk of sleep disorders
Patients and medical providers should be aware that chronic opioid use can interfere with sleep by reducing sleep efficiency and increasing the risk of sleep-disordered breathing, according to a position statement from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
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Technique identifies T cells primed for certain allergies or infections
MIT researchers can now identify T cells reactive to a particular target from a patient's cells, and to perform high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing of those cells.
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Elon Musk Apologized to SpaceX Employees After Smoking Weed
Bad Trip In September 2018, enigmatic billionaire Elon Musk made an eyebrow-raising appearance on the Joe Rogan podcast. During the two-hour conversation, Rogan offered him a puff of marijuana — an otherwise harmless decision that got his space company SpaceX, and Tesla , into a lot of trouble . SpaceX had to undergo an extremely thorough and expensive safety investigation by NASA after Musk's st
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Study finds US policies could have negative implications for Africa
A new study finds that while the current United States administration's policies in Africa may appear undeveloped, there are distinct trends and tendencies that have the potential to negatively impact Africa's economic growth.
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Rainy, with a chance of rockfalls: New landslide forecasting system debuts in Rio
Landslide "nowcasts" could give residents of Rio de Janeiro extra time to escape disaster
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Bats in attics might be necessary for conservation
Researchers investigate and describe the conservation importance of buildings relative to natural, alternative roosts for little brown bats in Yellowstone National Park.
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Boredom is on the rise for adolescents, especially girls
New research has found that boredom is rising year after year for teens in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades, with greater increases for girls than boys.
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Yoga and physical therapy as treatment for chronic lower back pain also improves sleep
Yoga and physical therapy (PT) are effective approaches to treating co-occurring sleep disturbance and back pain while reducing the need for medication, according to a new study. The research showed significant improvements in sleep quality lasting 52 weeks after 12 weeks of yoga classes or 1-on-1 PT, which suggests a long-term benefit of these non-pharmacologic approaches.
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When stuck in water, bees create a wave and hydrofoil atop it
Ever see a bee stuck in a pool? He's surfing to escape.
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Husbands' stress increases if wives earn more than 40% of household income
Husbands are least stressed when their wives earn up to 40% of household income but they become increasingly uncomfortable as their spouse's wages rise beyond that point.
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Computer Scientist: Ghosts Could Be Sign Universe Is Simulated
Finding Cracks Simulation theory, the hypothesis that we're just avatars in a simulated universe , has a new advocate. Speaking at a film festival, University of North Carolina at Wilmington computer scientist Curry Guinn suggested that our world isn't real, according to WRAL TechWire . Though Guinn admitted that it was a fairly speculative idea, he went on to argue that reports of ghosts, déjà v
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Mapping the pathway to gut health in HIV and SIV infections
A UC Davis study found that Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria rapidly repaired damaged gut lining (known as leaky gut) in monkeys infected with chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an HIV-like virus. It linked chronically inflamed leaky gut to the loss of PPARα signaling and damage to mitochondria.
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Daily cannabis use lowers odds of using illicit opioids among people who have chronic pain
For those using illicit opioids to manage their chronic pain, cannabis may be a beneficial — and a less dangerous — alternative, according to new research from the BC Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU).
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What to do if you're exposed to tear gas
Covering your eyes, airways, and skin is critical for tear gas protection. Naval attire is optional. (Ale_Mi via Deposit Photos/) Anyone who has ever followed the news knows peaceful protests and demonstrations can quickly turn into dangerous affairs. When this happens, the result is nearly always the same: protesters get stuck in a thick, choking cloud of tear gas. This may sound like something
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We've found the missing neutron star at the centre of a supernova
In 1987, a huge nearby supernova stunned astronomers. The explosion should have left behind a neutron star, but nobody has ever been able to find it until now
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Avoidance of apoptotic death via a hyperploid salvage survival pathway after platinum treatment in high grade serous carcinoma cell line models
The cover for issue 62 of Oncotarget features Figure 7, 'Proposed model of the hyperploid pathway as a salvage survival strategy regulated by the G2-M checkpoint,' by Yeung, et al.
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Study finds US policies could have negative implications for Africa
A new study finds that while the current United States administration's policies in Africa may appear undeveloped, there are distinct trends and tendencies that have the potential to negatively impact Africa's economic growth.
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New advances in the treatment of advanced lung cancer
The University of Barcelona (UB) and Hospital Clínic de Barcelona collaborate with Boehringer Ingelheim Inc. to improve the efficiency of nintedanib, an antiangiogenic and antifibrotic drug, for the treatment of lung cancer. This public-private collaboration enabled researchers identify molecular mechanisms underlying the lack of efficiency of this drug in squamous cell carcinoma, a sub-type of no
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Consuming cholera toxin counteracts age-associated obesity
Here the research team tested a safe and well-established microbe-based immune adjuvant to restore immune homeostasis and counteract inflammation-associated obesity in animal models.
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Tiny cell 'bots' could make drug delivery way more targeted
Controlling synthetic protocells' movement toward and away from chemical signals could pave the way for drug delivery that better targets specific locations in the body. By coating the surface of the protocells with enzymes—proteins that catalyze chemical reactions—researchers could control the direction of the protocell's movement in a chemical gradient in a microfluidic device. "The futuristic
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With #Fartgate, Twitter Was a Gas Once Again
Whether a US representative tooted on air matters less than the unity it inspired on a fraught platform.
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Microbe that is ravaging Europe's plants is traced to its birthplace
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03562-9 A bacterium that infects a wealth of crops and ornamental plants landed in Europe from California.
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The Trump Presidency Is in Free Fall
That old sinking feeling is back. There have occasionally been stretches of time that are good for the Trump administration. There have more often been stretches that are bad, though there is a baseline of chaos that has come to feel almost normal. And occasionally, there have been truly hellacious stretches: May 2017 , when Donald Trump fired then–FBI Director James Comey; August 2017 , around t
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Modern technology reconstructs properties of ochre, commonly found in ancient rock art
Ochre, one of Earth's oldest naturally occurring materials, was often used as a vivid red paint in ancient rock art known as pictographs across the world. Despite its broad use throughout human history and a modern focus on how the artistic symbolism is interpreted, little research exists on the paint itself and how it was produced.
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The Lasers of Discontent
For the past decade, as inexpensive laser pointers have become more available, protesters around the world have added them to their tool kits. They are used to distract or obstruct riot police and their cameras and drones, as a colorful way to celebrate and show solidarity in groups, or as a method of communication. Recently, in Hong Kong, police officers have arrested people for the possession o
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Trash talk from a robot dings human performance
Even trash talk from a robot throws people off their game, research finds. The trash talk in the study was decidedly mild, with utterances like, "I have to say you are a terrible player," and "Over the course of the game your playing has become confused." Even so, people who played a game with the robot—a commercially available humanoid robot known as Pepper—performed worse when the robot discour
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Søer, bjerge og dybe dale: Saturns største måne ligner Jorden
For første gang har astronomer tegnet et geologisk kort over månen Titan.
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In the Race to Live on Land, Lichens Didn't Beat Plants
A study's findings add to the case that lichens, which dominate about 7 percent of the planet's surface, most likely made their way to land some 100 million years after ferns and other vascular plants.
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Scientists use modern technology to understand how ochre paint was created in pictographs
Ochre was often used as a vivid red paint in ancient rock art known as pictographs. Despite its broad use throughout human history and a modern focus on how the artistic symbolism is interpreted, little research exists on the paint itself and how it was produced. Now, scientists are using electron microscopes to understand how ochre paint was created by hunter-gatherers in North America to produce
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Ammonia levels do not aid management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible complication of liver cirrhosis thought to be caused by ammonia and is typically treated with lactulose. Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina conducted a cohort study that examined the correlation of ammonia levels with lactulose treatment. They found no correlation between ammonia level and dose of lactulose given. They concluded that
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Patients treated outside NCI centers less likely to receive high-cost lung cancer drugs
University of Colorado Cancer Center study shows that while the use of new, high-cost lung cancer drugs rose 27 percent from 2007 to 2015, they are not used equally in all places, with all patients. Patients who lived in high-poverty areas were 4 percent less likely to be treated with high-cost lung cancer drugs, while patients treated at National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers were 10
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Microfluidic Chambers Trigger Sleep in C. elegans
This newly described behavior occurs spontaneously, but can be modulated by food availability, temperature, and the size of the chambers.
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Early Results Are Positive from Experimental CRISPR Therapies
Two clinical trial participants–one with beta-thalassemia and one with sickle cell disease–appeared to benefit from the gene-editing treatments with minimal side effects, according to the companies.
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Panda Bei Bei says bye bye to US, heads 'home' to China
The US-born giant panda Bei Bei on Tuesday left the only home he has known at the National Zoo in Washington for a 16-hour flight back to China as part of its research and breeding program.
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Evidence of two quakes extends rupture history in Grand Tetons National Park
Hand-dug trenches around Leigh Lake in Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming reveal evidence for a previously unknown surface-faulting earthquake in along the Teton Fault—one occurring about 10,000 years ago.
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Panda Bei Bei says bye bye to US, heads 'home' to China
The US-born giant panda Bei Bei on Tuesday left the only home he has known at the National Zoo in Washington for a 16-hour flight back to China as part of its research and breeding program.
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Photos show evidence of life on Mars, Ohio entomologist claims
As scientists scramble to determine whether there is life on Mars, Ohio University Professor Emeritus William Romoser's research shows that we already have the evidence, courtesy of photographs from various Mars rovers.
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Bats in attics might be necessary for conservation
For the little brown bat—a small mouse-eared bat with glossy brown fur—a warm, dry place to roost is essential to the species' survival. Reproductive females huddle their small furry bodies together to save thermal energy during maternity season (summer), forming "maternity colonies." In the face of severe population losses across North America, summer access to an attic or other permanent shelter
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Study on surface damage to vehicles traveling at hypersonic speeds
Vehicles moving at hypersonic speeds are bombarded with ice crystals and dust particles in the surrounding atmosphere, making the surface material vulnerable to damage such as erosion and sputtering with each tiny collision. Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign studied this interaction one molecule at a time to understand the processes, then scaled up the data to make it c
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Bats in attics might be necessary for conservation
For the little brown bat—a small mouse-eared bat with glossy brown fur—a warm, dry place to roost is essential to the species' survival. Reproductive females huddle their small furry bodies together to save thermal energy during maternity season (summer), forming "maternity colonies." In the face of severe population losses across North America, summer access to an attic or other permanent shelter
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Ban on hotel toiletries is latest effort to curb plastic waste
Love those dainty little bottles of shampoo, conditioner and hand lotion in hotel bathrooms? Do you take them home, use them for guests or donate them to the local homeless shelter? You won't be able to for much longer—states, localities and some hotel chains are scrapping the tiny amenities.
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Trump's Committee to Protect the President
L ast week's Republican rallying cry on impeachment was "Hearsay!" By this morning, the focus had turned back to the whistle-blower who started it all. The consensus GOP retort to the first three public witnesses in the House impeachment inquiry—Ambassadors William Taylor and Marie Yovanovitch, and George Kent, a deputy secretary of state—was that none of them had direct, firsthand knowledge of P
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Even if they can't vote, teens are roasting Pete Buttigieg on TikTok
No major Democractic candidate has a presence on the wildly popular social video platform. That's a big missed opportunity.
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Study on surface damage to vehicles traveling at hypersonic speeds
Vehicles moving at hypersonic speeds are bombarded with ice crystals and dust particles in the surrounding atmosphere, making the surface material vulnerable to damage such as erosion and sputtering with each tiny collision. Researchers studied this interaction one molecule at a time to understand the processes, then scaled up the data to make it compatible with simulations that require a larger s
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Blindness in Kashmir
A doctor mourns a wholly avoidable epidemic of visual and moral impairment — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Evidence of two quakes extends rupture history in Grand Tetons National Park
Hand-dug trenches around Leigh Lake in Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming reveal evidence for a previously unknown surface-faulting earthquake in along the Teton Fault — one occurring about 10,000 years ago.
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Blindness in Kashmir
A doctor mourns a wholly avoidable epidemic of visual and moral impairment — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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What's behind a phobia of holes?
Fear of clusters of holes and cracks, called trypophobia, may be evolutionary in origin. But as details are shared, it is becoming a social contagion. By Chrissie Giles Julia was around 11 years old the first time it happened. She let herself into her dad's apartment in Malmö, Sweden, dropped her schoolbag and flopped on to the sofa. She switched on the TV and turned to her favourite channel in t
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McLaren's new sports car doesn't need a roof, or even a windshield
The McLaren Elva lacks a windscreen and a roof. (McLaren/) Elva Cars Ltd. is a mostly forgotten member of the British cottage sports car fraternity of the 1960s, like TVR, Sunbeam and Morgan. But the company had the distinction of building the first roadgoing McLaren when it adapted the open cockpit McLaren M1A sports racer into the McLaren-Elva M1A in 1964. Interest was high for a street version
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Google health-data scandal spooks researchers
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03574-5 Scientists fear the controversy over the Nightingale project will undermine trust in research.
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Sweden drops Julian Assange rape investigation after nine years
Assange is in prison for skipping bail, and he faces hacking-conspiracy charge.
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Scientists have found 142 more ancient etchings in Peru. Now AI will speed up the hunt.
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Bill Gates-Funded Startup Unveils "Holy Grail" of Solar Energy
Laser Focus A Bill Gates-backed startup called Heliogen just unveiled new technology that could help make the manufacturing industry carbon neutral. Heliogen used an artificial intelligence algorithm to position a massive array of mirrors so that they all redirected sunlight onto a single point — heating it to over 1,000 degrees Celsius, according to CNN , which is about a quarter of the temperat
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Study on surface damage to vehicles traveling at hypersonic speeds
Vehicles moving at hypersonic speeds are bombarded with ice crystals and dust particles in the surrounding atmosphere, making the surface material vulnerable to damage such as erosion and sputtering with each tiny collision. Researchers studied this interaction one molecule at a time to understand the processes, then scaled up the data to make it compatible with simulations that require a larger s
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Ohio University entomologist: Photos show evidence of life on Mars
As scientists scramble to determine whether there is life on Mars, Ohio University Professor Emeritus William Romoser's research shows that we already have the evidence.
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Research shows boredom is on the rise for adolescents, especially girls
New research at Washington State University has found that boredom is rising year after year for teens in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades, with greater increases for girls than boys.
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Invasive surgery isn't worth it for all heart disease patients
Invasive procedures are no better than medications and lifestyle advice at treating heart disease that's severe but stable, according to new research. The clinical trial did show, however, that among patients with coronary artery disease who also had symptoms of angina—chest pain that restricted blood flow to the heart causes—treatment with invasive procedures, such as stents or bypass surgery, w
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The harmonic mean p-value: Strong versus weak control, and the assumption of independence [Letters (Online Only)]
Wilson (1) proposes a multiple testing procedure based on the harmonic mean p-value (HMP). While this is a potentially useful method, he makes several claims that are not supported by the theory. Herein we identify 4 errors, for clarity described in terms of the version with equal weights 1/L, so…
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Reply to Goeman et al.: Trade-offs in model averaging using multilevel tests [Letters (Online Only)]
There were 2 errors in Wilson (1) which I have announced, but I do not accept the 4 claimed by Goeman et al. (2); I rebut them point by point on a figshare page (https://figshare.com/articles/Trade-offs_in_model_averaging_using_multilevel_tests_Appendix_/9699740). However, their letter highlights 2 limitations of the harmonic mean p-value (HMP) procedure that I…
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Evolution of the human MHC: New haplotype frequency analysis is not informative [Biological Sciences]
The genes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (human major histocompatibility complex [MHC]) complex are iconic examples of balancing selection (1–3). Two important HLA signatures, the retention of alleles, polymorphism, and haplotypes over evolutionary time, known as transspecies polymorphism, and dN/dS > 1 and the related high polymorphism at functionally…
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Reply to Hedrick and Klitz: High haplotype discovery rate in the HLA locus [Biological Sciences]
We have recently shown in 2 large-scale surveys (1, 2) that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes frequency distributions are better characterized by purifying selection than by balancing selection. In their Letter, Hedrick and Klitz claim that the HLA locus is a classical example of balancing selection and that our recent…
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Nonequilibrium site distribution governs charge-transfer electroluminescence at disordered organic heterointerfaces [Applied Physical Sciences]
The interface between electron-donating (D) and electron-accepting (A) materials in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is commonly probed by charge-transfer (CT) electroluminescence (EL) measurements to estimate the CT energy, which critically relates to device open-circuit voltage. It is generally assumed that during CT-EL injected charges recombine at close-to-equilibrium energies in their…
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SOD2 acetylation on lysine 68 promotes stem cell reprogramming in breast cancer [Biochemistry]
Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) suppresses tumor initiation but promotes invasion and dissemination of tumor cells at later stages of the disease. The mechanism of this functional switch remains poorly defined. Our results indicate that as SOD2 expression increases acetylation of lysine 68 ensues. Acetylated SOD2 promotes hypoxic signaling via increased…
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Defining the layers of a sensory cilium with STORM and cryoelectron nanoscopy [Cell Biology]
Primary cilia carry out numerous signaling and sensory functions, and defects in them, "ciliopathies," cause a range of symptoms, including blindness. Understanding of their nanometer-scale ciliary substructures and their disruptions in ciliopathies has been hindered by limitations of conventional microscopic techniques. We have combined cryoelectron tomography, enhanced by subtomogram averaging,.
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Mercury source changes and food web shifts alter contamination signatures of predatory fish from Lake Michigan [Environmental Sciences]
To understand the impact reduced mercury (Hg) loading and invasive species have had on methylmercury bioaccumulation in predator fish of Lake Michigan, we reconstructed bioaccumulation trends from a fish archive (1978 to 2012). By measuring fish Hg stable isotope ratios, we related temporal changes in Hg concentrations to varying Hg…
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Reduction-dependent siderophore assimilation in a model pennate diatom [Environmental Sciences]
Iron uptake by diatoms is a biochemical process with global biogeochemical implications. In large regions of the surface ocean diatoms are both responsible for the majority of primary production and frequently experiencing iron limitation of growth. The strategies used by these phytoplankton to extract iron from seawater constrain carbon flux…
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Immunological ignorance is an enabling feature of the oligo-clonal T cell response to melanoma neoantigens [Immunology and Inflammation]
The impact of intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and the resultant neoantigen landscape on T cell immunity are poorly understood. ITH is a widely recognized feature of solid tumors and poses distinct challenges related to the development of effective therapeutic strategies, including cancer neoantigen vaccines. Here, we performed deep targeted DNA sequencing…
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Sterile activation of invariant natural killer T cells by ER-stressed antigen-presenting cells [Immunology and Inflammation]
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have the unique ability to shape immunity during antitumor immune responses and other forms of sterile and nonsterile inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted a variety of classes of endogenous and pathogen-derived lipid antigens that can trigger iNKT cell activation under sterile and nonsterile conditions. However, the…
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Resilience of T cell-intrinsic dysfunction in transplantation tolerance [Immunology and Inflammation]
Following antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into memory cells that mediate antigen clearance more efficiently upon repeat encounter. Donor-specific tolerance can be achieved in a subset of transplant recipients, but some of these grafts are rejected after years of stability, often following infections. Whether T cell memory can develop…
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RIP1 kinase mediates angiogenesis by modulating macrophages in experimental neovascularization [Medical Sciences]
Inflammation plays an important role in pathological angiogenesis. Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is highly expressed in inflammatory cells and is known to play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation; however, a comprehensive description of its role in angiogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that RIP1…
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Therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated myeloid cells synergizes with radiation therapy for glioblastoma [Medical Sciences]
Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) are key drivers of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, which profoundly impedes the clinical response to immune-dependent and conventional therapeutic modalities. As a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM), TAMCs are massively recruited to reach up to 50% of the brain tumor mass. Therefore, they have recently been…
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Genetic LAMP2 deficiency accelerates the age-associated formation of basal laminar deposits in the retina [Medical Sciences]
The early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are characterized by the accumulation of basal laminar deposits (BLamDs). The mechanism for BLamDs accumulating between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its basal lamina remains elusive. Here we examined the role in AMD of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2), a glycoprotein that…
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Evidence for an attentional priority map in inferotemporal cortex [Neuroscience]
From incoming sensory information, our brains make selections according to current behavioral goals. This process, selective attention, is controlled by parietal and frontal areas. Here, we show that another brain area, posterior inferotemporal cortex (PITd), also exhibits the defining properties of attentional control. We discovered this area with functional magnetic…
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Swim exercise in Caenorhabditis elegans extends neuromuscular and gut healthspan, enhances learning ability, and protects against neurodegeneration [Physiology]
Regular physical exercise is the most efficient and accessible intervention known to promote healthy aging in humans. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate system-wide exercise benefits, however, remain poorly understood, especially as applies to tissues that do not participate directly in training activity. The establishment of exercise protocols for…
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Overexpression of zmm28 increases maize grain yield in the field [Plant Biology]
Increasing maize grain yield has been a major focus of both plant breeding and genetic engineering to meet the global demand for food, feed, and industrial uses. We report that increasing and extending expression of a maize MADS-box transcription factor gene, zmm28, under the control of a moderate-constitutive maize promoter,…
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Rare pre-Columbian settlement on the Florida Gulf Coast revealed through high-resolution drone LiDAR [Anthropology]
Drone-mounted, high-resolution light detection and ranging reveals the architectural details of an ancient settlement on the Gulf Coast of Florida without parallel in the Southeastern United States. The Raleigh Island shell-ring complex (8LV293) of ca. 900 to 1200 CE consists of at least 37 residential spaces enclosed by ridges of…
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A single combination gene therapy treats multiple age-related diseases [Applied Biological Sciences]
Comorbidity is common as age increases, and currently prescribed treatments often ignore the interconnectedness of the involved age-related diseases. The presence of any one such disease usually increases the risk of having others, and new approaches will be more effective at increasing an individual's health span by taking this systems-level…
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Message passing on networks with loops [Applied Mathematics]
Message passing is a fundamental technique for performing calculations on networks and graphs with applications in physics, computer science, statistics, and machine learning, including Bayesian inference, spin models, satisfiability, graph partitioning, network epidemiology, and the calculation of matrix eigenvalues. Despite its wide use, however, it has long been recognized that…
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Markovian approaches to modeling intracellular reaction processes with molecular memory [Applied Mathematics]
Many cellular processes are governed by stochastic reaction events. These events do not necessarily occur in single steps of individual molecules, and, conversely, each birth or death of a macromolecule (e.g., protein) could involve several small reaction steps, creating a memory between individual events and thus leading to nonmarkovian reaction…
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Pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of a charge-ordered indium halide perovskite [Applied Physical Sciences]
Phase transitions in halide perovskites triggered by external stimuli generate significantly different material properties, providing a great opportunity for broad applications. Here, we demonstrate an In-based, charge-ordered (In+/In3+) inorganic halide perovskite with the composition of Cs2In(I)In(III)Cl6 in which a pressure-driven semiconductor-to-metal phase transition exists. The single cryst
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Nucleation and dissociation of methane clathrate embryo at the gas-water interface [Applied Physical Sciences]
Among natural energy resources, methane clathrate has attracted tremendous attention because of its strong relevance to current energy and environment issues. Yet little is known about how the clathrate starts to nucleate and disintegrate at the molecular level, because such microscopic processes are difficult to probe experimentally. Using surface-specific sum-frequency…
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N,N'-Diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine restores microglial phagocytosis and improves cognitive defects in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice [Biochemistry]
As a central feature of neuroinflammation, microglial dysfunction has been increasingly considered a causative factor of neurodegeneration implicating an intertwined pathology with amyloidogenic proteins. Herein, we report the smallest synthetic molecule (N,N′-diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine [DAPPD]), simply composed of a benzene ring with 2 acetamide groups at the para position, known to date…
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Pat1 activates late steps in mRNA decay by multiple mechanisms [Biochemistry]
Pat1 is a hub for mRNA metabolism, acting in pre-mRNA splicing, translation repression, and mRNA decay. A critical step in all 5′-3′ mRNA decay pathways is removal of the 5′ cap structure, which precedes and permits digestion of the RNA body by conserved exonucleases. During bulk 5′-3′ decay, the Pat1/Lsm1-7…
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Deubiquitination of phosphoribosyl-ubiquitin conȷugates by phosphodiesterase-domain-containing Legionella effectors [Biochemistry]
Posttranslational protein modification by ubiquitin (Ub) is a central eukaryotic mechanism that regulates a plethora of physiological processes. Recent studies unveiled an unconventional type of ubiquitination mediated by the SidE family of Legionella pneumophila effectors, such as SdeA, that catalyzes the conjugation of Ub to a serine residue of target…
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POT1-TPP1 differentially regulates telomerase via POT1 His266 and as a function of single-stranded telomere DNA length [Biochemistry]
Telomeres cap the ends of linear chromosomes and terminate in a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhang recognized by POT1-TPP1 heterodimers to help regulate telomere length homeostasis. Here hydroxyl radical footprinting coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to probe protein–protein interactions and conformational changes involved in the assembly of telomere ssDNA substrates…
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Pericytes enable effective angiogenesis in the presence of proinflammatory signals [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Angiogenesis frequently occurs in the context of acute or persistent inflammation. The complex interplay of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cues is only partially understood. Using an experimental model, permitting exposure of developing blood vessel sprouts to multiple combinations of diverse biochemical stimuli and juxtacrine cell interactions, we present evidence that a…
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Cooperation mitigates diversity loss in a spatially expanding microbial population [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
The evolution and potentially even the survival of a spatially expanding population depends on its genetic diversity, which can decrease rapidly due to a serial founder effect. The strength of the founder effect is predicted to depend strongly on the details of the growth dynamics. Here, we probe this dependence…
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Sec17 ({alpha}-SNAP) and Sec18 (NSF) restrict membrane fusion to R-SNAREs, Q-SNAREs, and SM proteins from identical compartments [Cell Biology]
Membrane fusion at each organelle requires conserved proteins: Rab-GTPases, effector tethering complexes, Sec1/Munc18 (SM)-family SNARE chaperones, SNAREs of the R, Qa, Qb, and Qc families, and the Sec17/α-SNAP and ATP-dependent Sec18/NSF SNARE chaperone system. The basis of organelle-specific fusion, which is essential for accurate protein compartmentation, has been elusive. Rab…
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Membrane intercalation-enhanced photodynamic inactivation of bacteria by a metallacycle and TAT-decorated virus coat protein [Chemistry]
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the major threats to global health. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) develops little antibiotic resistance; thus, it becomes a promising strategy in the control of bacterial infection. During a PDI process, light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage the membrane components, leading to the membrane rupture and…
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The frequency-domain infrared spectrum of ammonia encodes changes in molecular dynamics caused by a DC electric field [Chemistry]
Ammonia is special. It is nonplanar, yet in v = 1 of the umbrella mode (ν2) its inversion motion is faster than J = 0↔1 rotation. Does the simplicity of the Chemist's concept of an electric dipole moment survive the competition between rotation, inversion, and a strong external electric field?…
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Flow directionality of pristine meandering rivers is embedded in the skewing of high-amplitude bends and neck cutoffs [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
Information concerning the dynamics of river meandering is embedded in their planforms. Here, we focus on how bend skewing varies with increasing sinuosity, and how flow direction is embedded in bend skewing. It has often been thought that upstream-skewed bends are dominant within a sufficiently long reach. These bends may…
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Precession modulation of the South Pacific westerly wind belt over the past million years [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
The southern westerly wind belt (SWW) interacts with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and strongly impacts the Southern Ocean carbon budget, and Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics across glacial–interglacial cycles. We investigated precipitation-driven sediment input changes to the Southeast Pacific off the southern margin of the Atacama Desert over the past one million…
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Rapid condensation of the first Solar System solids [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
Chondritic meteorites are composed of primitive components formed during the evolution of the Solar protoplanetary disk. The oldest of these components formed by condensation, yet little is known about their formation mechanism because of secondary heating processes that erased their primordial signature. Amoeboid Olivine Aggregates (AOAs) have never been melted…
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Covariation of diet and gut microbiome in African megafauna [Ecology]
A major challenge in biology is to understand how phylogeny, diet, and environment shape the mammalian gut microbiome. Yet most studies of nonhuman microbiomes have relied on relatively coarse dietary categorizations and have focused either on individual wild populations or on captive animals that are sheltered from environmental pressures, which…
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Universality in the viscous-to-inertial coalescence of liquid droplets [Engineering]
We present a theory on the coalescence of 2 spherical liquid droplets that are initially stationary. The evolution of the radius of a liquid neck formed upon coalescence was formulated as an initial value problem and then solved to yield an exact solution without free parameters, with its 2 asymptotic…
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Invasive grasses increase fire occurrence and frequency across US ecoregions [Environmental Sciences]
Fire-prone invasive grasses create novel ecosystem threats by increasing fine-fuel loads and continuity, which can alter fire regimes. While the existence of an invasive grass-fire cycle is well known, evidence of altered fire regimes is typically based on local-scale studies or expert knowledge. Here, we quantify the effects of 12…
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Short O-O separation in layered oxide Na0.67CoO2 enables an ultrafast oxygen evolution reaction [Environmental Sciences]
The layered oxide Na0.67CoO2 with Na+ occupying trigonal prismatic sites between CoO2 layers exhibits a remarkably high room temperature oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in alkaline solution. The high activity is attributed to an unusually short O–O separation that favors formation of peroxide ions by O−–O– interactions followed by O2…
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The in vivo endothelial cell translatome is highly heterogeneous across vascular beds [Genetics]
Endothelial cells (ECs) are highly specialized across vascular beds. However, given their interspersed anatomic distribution, comprehensive characterization of the molecular basis for this heterogeneity in vivo has been limited. By applying endothelial-specific translating ribosome affinity purification (EC-TRAP) combined with high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis, we identified pan EC-enriched
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MRTFB suppresses colorectal cancer development through regulating SPDL1 and MCAM [Genetics]
Myocardin-related transcription factor B (MRTFB) is a candidate tumor-suppressor gene identified in transposon mutagenesis screens of the intestine, liver, and pancreas. Using a combination of cell-based assays, in vivo tumor xenograft assays, and Mrtfb knockout mice, we demonstrate here that MRTFB is a human and mouse colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor…
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SHH signaling mediated by a prechordal and brain enhancer controls forebrain organization [Genetics]
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling plays a pivotal role in 2 different phases during brain development. Early SHH signaling derived from the prechordal plate (PrCP) triggers secondary Shh induction in the forebrain, which overlies the PrCP, and the induced SHH signaling, in turn, directs late neuronal differentiation of the forebrain. Consequently,…
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Keratinocyte-intrinsic MHCII expression controls microbiota-induced Th1 cell responses [Immunology and Inflammation]
The cross-talk between the microbiota and the immune system plays a fundamental role in the control of host physiology. However, the tissue-specific factors controlling this dialogue remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that T cell responses to commensal colonization are associated with the development of organized cellular clusters within the…
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Identification of U11snRNA as an endogenous agonist of TLR7-mediated immune pathogenesis [Immunology and Inflammation]
The activation of innate immune receptors by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is central to host defense against infections. On the other hand, these receptors are also activated by immunogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), typically released from dying cells, and the activation can evoke chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. One of…
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Improving breast cancer sensitivity to paclitaxel by increasing aneuploidy [Medical Sciences]
Predictive biomarkers for tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy are needed in breast cancer. This study investigates the predictive value of 280 genes encoding proteins that regulate microtubule assembly and function. By analyzing 3 independent multicenter randomized cohorts of breast cancer patients, we identified 17 genes that are differentially regulated in…
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ATP-based therapy prevents vascular calcification and extends longevity in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome [Medical Sciences]
Pyrophosphate deficiency may explain the excessive vascular calcification found in children with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and in a mouse model of this disease. The present study found that hydrolysis products of ATP resulted in a <9% yield of pyrophosphate in wild-type blood and aortas, showing that eNTPD activity (ATP…
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Unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs are loaded with core and linker histones and transcriptionally silenced [Microbiology]
Upon delivery into the nucleus of the host cell, linear double-stranded retroviral DNAs are either integrated into the host genome to form the provirus or act as a target of the DNA damage response and become circularized. Little is known about the chromatinization status of the unintegrated retroviral DNAs of…
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Maternal diabetes induces autism-like behavior by hyperglycemia-mediated persistent oxidative stress and suppression of superoxide dismutase 2 [Neuroscience]
Epidemiological studies show that maternal diabetes is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aims to investigate the potential effect of maternal diabetes on autism-like behavior in offspring. The results of in vitro study showed that transient hyperglycemia…
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Extended high-frequency hearing enhances speech perception in noise [Neuroscience]
Young healthy adults can hear tones up to at least 20 kHz. However, clinical audiometry, by which hearing loss is diagnosed, is limited at high frequencies to 8 kHz. Evidence suggests there is salient information at extended high frequencies (EHFs; 8 to 20 kHz) that may influence speech intelligibility, but…
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Rhes, a striatal-enriched protein, promotes mitophagy via Nix [Neuroscience]
Elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy is essential for cell survival and neuronal functions. But, how impaired mitophagy participates in tissue-specific vulnerability in the brain remains unclear. Here, we find that striatal-enriched protein, Rhes, is a critical regulator of mitophagy and striatal vulnerability in brain. In vivo interactome and density…
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The generation and propagation of the human alpha rhythm [Neuroscience]
The alpha rhythm is the longest-studied brain oscillation and has been theorized to play a key role in cognition. Still, its physiology is poorly understood. In this study, we used microelectrodes and macroelectrodes in surgical epilepsy patients to measure the intracortical and thalamic generators of the alpha rhythm during quiet…
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Rapid and sustained homeostatic control of presynaptic exocytosis at a central synapse [Neuroscience]
Animal behavior is remarkably robust despite constant changes in neural activity. Homeostatic plasticity stabilizes central nervous system (CNS) function on time scales of hours to days. If and how CNS function is stabilized on more rapid time scales remains unknown. Here, we discovered that mossy fiber synapses in the mouse…
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ABCA7 haplodeficiency disturbs microglial immune responses in the mouse brain [Neuroscience]
Carrying premature termination codons in 1 allele of the ABCA7 gene is associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the primary function of ABCA7 is to regulate the transport of phospholipids and cholesterol, ABCA7 is also involved in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. Since inflammatory pathways…
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Phoamtonic designs yield sizeable 3D photonic band gaps [Physics]
We show that it is possible to construct foam-based heterostructures with complete photonic band gaps. Three-dimensional foams are promising candidates for the self-organization of large photonic networks with combinations of physical characteristics that may be useful for applications. The largest band gap found is based on 3D Weaire–Phelan foam, a…
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Sex differences in the circadian misalignment effects on energy regulation [Physiology]
Shift work causes circadian misalignment and is a risk factor for obesity. While some characteristics of the human circadian system and energy metabolism differ between males and females, little is known about whether sex modulates circadian misalignment effects on energy homeostasis. Here we show—using a randomized cross-over design with two…
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Ketone body receptor GPR43 regulates lipid metabolism under ketogenic conditions [Physiology]
Ketone bodies, including β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, are important alternative energy sources during energy shortage. β-Hydroxybutyrate also acts as a signaling molecule via specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); however, the specific associated GPCRs and physiological functions of acetoacetate remain unknown. Here we identified acetoacetate as an endogenous agonist for short-chain
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Adipose tissue NAD+ biosynthesis is required for regulating adaptive thermogenesis and whole-body energy homeostasis in mice [Physiology]
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical coenzyme for cellular energy metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine the importance of brown and white adipose tissue (BAT and WAT) NAD+ metabolism in regulating whole-body thermogenesis and energy metabolism. Accordingly, we generated and analyzed adipocyte-specific nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt)…
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Challenging battles of plants with phloem-feeding insects and prokaryotic pathogens [Plant Biology]
For the past 4 decades, intensive molecular studies of mostly leaf mesophyll cell-infecting pathogens and chewing insects have led to compelling models of plant–pathogen and plant–insect interactions. Yet, some of the most devastating pathogens and insect pests live in or feed on the phloem, a systemic tissue belonging to the…
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Comprehensive mapping of abiotic stress inputs into the soybean circadian clock [Plant Biology]
The plant circadian clock evolved to increase fitness by synchronizing physiological processes with environmental oscillations. Crop fitness was artificially selected through domestication and breeding, and the circadian clock was identified by both natural and artificial selections as a key to improved fitness. Despite progress in Arabidopsis, our understanding of the…
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Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]
When predicting success, how important are personal attributes other than cognitive ability? To address this question, we capitalized on a full decade of prospective, longitudinal data from n = 11,258 cadets entering training at the US Military Academy at West Point. Prior to training, cognitive ability was negatively correlated with…
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Attributing long-term sea-level rise to Paris Agreement emission pledges [Sustainability Science]
The main contributors to sea-level rise (oceans, glaciers, and ice sheets) respond to climate change on timescales ranging from decades to millennia. A focus on the 21st century thus fails to provide a complete picture of the consequences of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on future sea-level rise and its long-term…
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Correction for Huet et al., Capsid expansion of bacteriophage T5 revealed by high resolution cryoelectron microscopy [Correction]
BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Correction for "Capsid expansion of bacteriophage T5 revealed by high resolution cryoelectron microscopy," by Alexis Huet, Robert L. Duda, Pascale Boulanger, and James F. Conway, which was first published October 2, 2019; 10.1073/pnas.1909645116 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 21037–21046). The authors note that, due to…
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Correction for Cadete Martini et al., Amyloid-beta impairs TOM1-mediated IL-1R1 signaling [Correction]
NEUROSCIENCE Correction for "Amyloid-beta impairs TOM1-mediated IL-1R1 signaling," by Alessandra Cadete Martini, Angela Gomez-Arboledas, Stefania Forner, Carlos J. Rodriguez-Ortiz, Amanda McQuade, Emma Danhash, Jimmy Phan, Dominic Javonillo, Jordan-Vu Ha, Melanie Tram, Laura Trujillo-Estrada, Celia da Cunha, Rahasson R. Ager, Jose C. Davila, Masashi Kitazawa, Mathew Blurton-Jones, Antonia Gutierre
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Correction for Chen et al., Sugar starvation-regulated MYBS2 and 14-3-3 protein interactions enhance plant growth, stress tolerance, and grain weight in rice [Correction]
PLANT BIOLOGY Correction for "Sugar starvation-regulated MYBS2 and 14-3-3 protein interactions enhance plant growth, stress tolerance, and grain weight in rice," by Yi-Shih Chen, Tuan-Hua David Ho, Lihong Liu, Ding Hua Lee, Chun-Hua Lee, Yi-Ru Chen, Shu-Yu Lin, Chung-An Lu, and Su-May Yu, which was first published October 8, 2019;…
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Correction for Gurrieri et al., Arabidopsis and Chlamydomonas phosphoribulokinase crystal structures complete the redox structural proteome of the Calvin-Benson cycle [Correction]
PLANT BIOLOGY Correction for "Arabidopsis and Chlamydomonas phosphoribulokinase crystal structures complete the redox structural proteome of the Calvin–Benson cycle," by Libero Gurrieri, Alessandra Del Giudice, Nicola Demitri, Giuseppe Falini, Nicolae Viorel Pavel, Mirko Zaffagnini, Maurizio Polentarutti, Pierre Crozet, Christophe H. Marchand, Julien Henri, Paolo Trost, Stéphane D. Lemaire, France
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In This Issue [This Week in PNAS]
Diet and gut microbiome of African megafauna Reticulated giraffe plucks a Hibiscus meyeri plant from within a clump of the shrub Croton dichogamus at the Mpala Research Centre in Kenya. Diet and gut microbiome composition are important for mammalian health, but their fluctuation in response to environmental changes is unclear….
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QnAs with Sheng Yang He [QnAs]
Sheng Yang He has spent a distinguished career studying bacterial plant pathogens and the molecular mechanisms by which they lead to disease. A professor of plant biology at Michigan State University and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2015. He…
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Lasting coastal hazards from past greenhouse gas emissions [Sustainability Science]
The emission of greenhouse gases into Earth's atmosphere is a by-product of modern marvels such as the production of vast amounts of energy, heating and cooling inhospitable environments to be amenable to human existence, and traveling great distances faster than our saddle-sore ancestors ever dreamed possible. However, these luxuries come…
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SOD2 acetylation and deacetylation: Another tale of Jekyll and Hyde in cancer [Biochemistry]
Subsets of highly invasive, therapy-resistant tumor cells contribute to the development of metastasis and treatment failures. Recent evidence suggests that these tumor cell subsets are enriched for cancer stem cells (CSCs) (1–3). Similar to nonneoplastic stem cells, CSCs express specific markers and transcription factors and can self-renew or differentiate. For…
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Feasting yeast and the sweetness of diversity [Ecology]
The idea that a spreading species can lose genetic diversity goes back to early work by Ernst Mayr in 1942 on founder effects for introduced populations (1). Here, reduced diversity of a spreading population arises from the small number of individuals who are initially introduced into a region (founders). A…
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Core Concept: What are the chances of a hazardous solar superflare? [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
On March 1, 2010, the Kepler space telescope spotted a distant star brighten slightly. Compared with the ferocious intensity of a supernova or gamma-ray burst, this event was feeble. It was merely a stellar flare, and by no means the most powerful flare ever seen. Nevertheless, it was ominous. Fig….
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Bioethicist Argues That We Need a CRISPR Baby Industry ASAP
Designer babies, or children who have been gene-hacked to develop certain traits, are coming soon. That's according to Abertay University bioethicist Kevin Smith, The Independen t reports . Smith argues that it's ethically responsible to gene-hack humans in research published in the journal Bioethics . He believes that scientists could, with existing technology, prevent diseases or improve people
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Yogurt and fiber diet may cut lung cancer risk
A diet high in fiber and yogurt is associated with a reduced risk for lung cancer, according to a new study. The benefits of a diet high in fiber and yogurt have already been established for cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal cancer. The new findings, based on an analysis of data from studies involving 1.4 million adults in the United States, Europe, and Asia, suggest this diet may also
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First high-speed straight motion of magnetic skyrmion at room temperature demonstrated
Researchers have, for the first time, successfully demonstrated a formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic magnetic skyrmions. The established findings are expected to pave the way towards new functional information processing and storage technologies.
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Atoms, molecules or even living cells can be manipulated with light beams
Special light beams can be used to manipulate molecules or small biological particles. However, these optical tweezers only work with objects in empty space. Any disturbing environment would deflect the light waves and destroy the effect. This is a problem, in particular with biological samples. Now, a special method was developed to calculate the perfect wave form to manipulate small particles in
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Studies continue to highlight benefits of bariatric surgery in teens
Children's Colorado researchers and their colleagues found that musculoskeletal pain, physical function and quality of life in adolescents significantly improves and is maintained three years after bariatric surgery. Knowing that bariatric surgery does come with the risk of long-term nutritional deficiencies, particularly involving iron and vitamin B12, Children's Colorado researchers and their co
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Oligomerix and Feinstein Institutes publish in vivo Alzheimer's disease treatment data
Results published in Journal of Alzheimer's Disease show Tau Oligomer Inhibitor prevents downstream Alzheimer's disease events.
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Scientists find evidence of missing neutron star
The leftovers from a spectacular supernova that revolutionized our understanding of how stars end their lives have finally been spotted by astronomers.
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Catatonia in Down syndrome
Down syndrome, due to an extra chromosome 21, occurs in 250,000 children and adults in the United States, making it the country's most common chromosomal disorder. Inherited heart defects, thyroid cancer, celiac disease and developmental disabilities are common Down syndrome complications. Only recently has catatonia, a behavioral condition marked by new onset immobility, mutism, withdrawal and ot
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New species of seaweed uncovered by genetic analyses
Genetic analyses have revealed remarkably higher species diversity in common red seaweed than previously assumed. It was thought that there were only five related species of the Gloiopeltis genus worldwide. However, it has been revealed that there are over ten in Japan alone.
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First high-speed straight motion of magnetic skyrmion at room temperature demonstrated
Researchers have, for the first time, successfully demonstrated a formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic magnetic skyrmions. The established findings are expected to pave the way towards new functional information processing and storage technologies.
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Clean carbon nanotubes with superb properties
Scientists have found a new way to make ultra-clean carbon nanotube transistors with superior semiconducting properties.
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Rare gas find solves puzzle of Southern Africa's soaring landscape
The discovery of gases released from deep beneath the Earth's crust could help to explain Southern Africa's unusual landscape, a study suggests.
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How heat from the sun could help clean up steel and cement
Serial entrepreneur Bill Gross has launched a new solar thermal venture, designed to cut climate emissions from industrial heat.
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Scientists use catalysts to destroy cancerous cells from within
Using "Trojan horses" to combat cancer from within the tumour cells themselves without damaging healthy tissues is the aim of this new tool created by researchers from the University of Granada (UGR), the Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), the University of Zaragoza, and the Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre at the University of Edinburgh.
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#72 Søfartslægen
Hør historien om arbejdsmedicineren Ulrik, der byggede et maritimt sundhedssystem op fra bunden – på Fanø.
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Beyond the green revolution
There has been a substantial increase in food production over the last 50 years, but it has been accompanied by a narrowing in the diversity of cultivated crops. New research shows that diversifying crop production can make food supplies more nutritious, reduce resource demand and greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance climate resilience without reducing calorie production or requiring more land.
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Scientists find evidence of missing neutron star
The leftovers from a spectacular supernova that revolutionised our understanding of how stars end their lives have finally been spotted by astronomers at Cardiff University.
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Skeptical Science New Research for Week #46, 2019
Gem of nature, moral hazard, or attractive nuisance? It's hard to miss the inherent tension in Welling & Abegg's Following the ice: adaptation processes of glacier tour operators in Southeast Iceland : The growing recognition that global climatic change is a pressing reality and that its impacts on humans and ecological systems are inevitable makes adaptation a core topic in climate change resear
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Cops Charge Man With Theft For "Stealing" Their Secret GPS Tracker
If your ex secretly put a GPS tracker on your car and you found and removed it, the idea of them taking you to court for theft of the device would be laughable. But what if instead of an ex, it was a police officer that placed the tracker on your car because they thought you were dealing meth? That's the bizarre basis for a case currently being heard by the Indiana Supreme Court . The background:
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Bats in attics might be necessary for conservation
Researchers investigate and describe the conservation importance of buildings relative to natural, alternative roosts for little brown bats in Yellowstone National Park.
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Study on surface damage to vehicles traveling at hypersonic speeds
Vehicles moving at hypersonic speeds are bombarded with ice crystals and dust particles in the surrounding atmosphere, making the surface material vulnerable to damage such as erosion and sputtering with each tiny collision. Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign studied this interaction one molecule at a time to understand the processes, then scaled up the data to make it c
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Reservoir management could help prevent toxic algal blooms in Great Lakes
Managing reservoirs for water quality, not just flood control, could be part of the solution to the growth of toxic algal blooms in the Great Lakes, especially Lake Erie, every summer.
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The World's Winds Are Speeding Up
The trend contradicts concerns of a "global stilling," with implications for wind energy — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Unlocking the secrets of badger dispersal to minimize the spread of bovine TB
By understanding how, when, and why badgers move from one social group to another, researchers hope information gleaned from GPS devices will help them tailor vaccination programs to reduce the spread of bovine tuberculosis.
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Atoms, molecules or even living cells can be manipulated with light beams
Special light beams can be used to manipulate molecules or small biological particles. However, these optical tweezers only work with objects in empty space. Any disturbing environment would deflect the light waves and destroy the effect. This is a problem, in particular with biological samples. Now, a special method was developed to calculate the perfect wave form to manipulate small particles in
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Deep-sea bacteria copy their neighbors' diet
A new group of symbiotic bacteria in deep-sea mussels surprises with the way they fix carbon: They use the Calvin cycle to turn carbon into tasty food. The bacteria acquired the genes for this process from neighboring symbiotic bacteria in the mussel. These results call into question our current understanding of carbon fixation pathways in the deep sea.
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Light-sensing camera may help detect extraterrestrial life, dark matter
Researchers have made one of the highest-performance cameras ever composed of sensors that count single photons, or particles of light.
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Uncovering the pathway to wine's acidity
Wine researchers say their latest discovery may one day lead to winemakers being able to manipulate the acidity of wines without the costly addition of tartaric acid.
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Beyond the green revolution
There has been a substantial increase in food production over the last 50 years, but it has been accompanied by a narrowing in the diversity of cultivated crops. New research shows that diversifying crop production can make food supply more nutritious, reduce resource demand and greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance climate resilience without reducing calorie production or requiring more land.
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Artificial intelligence algorithm can learn the laws of quantum mechanics
Artificial intelligence can be used to predict molecular wave functions and the electronic properties of molecules. This innovative AI method could be used to speed-up the design of drug molecules or new materials.
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Complex organ models grown in the lab
Scientists have successfully produced human tissues from stem cells. They have a complexity similar to that of normal tissue and are far superior to previous structures.
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RNA regulation is crucial for embryonic stem cell differentiation
Nuclear RNA levels are kept in check by RNA decay factors. Now, researchers show that an excess of RNA in the nucleus can have negative effects on a crucial regulator of stem cell differentiation.
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Scientists engineer 'Venus flytrap' bio-sensors to snare pollutants
The biological sensors change color once they have successfully snared a target molecule, and will soon have a host of important environmental, medical and security applications.
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Striking variation in mechanisms that drive sex selection in frogs
Researchers have discovered striking variation in the underlying genetic machinery that orchestrates sexual differentiation in frogs, demonstrating that evolution of this crucial biological system has moved at a dramatic pace.
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Astronomers: SpaceX's Satellites Are Blocking View of Stars
In Shock Elon Musk's spacetech company SpaceX is trying to bring broadband to the globe by sending up to 12,000 tiny satellites into low-Earth orbit. But not everybody is thrilled. Astronomers are finding that the 122 satellites SpaceX has launched so far are already ruining the night sky, showing up as extremely bright trails of light in observations. "Wow!! I am in shock!!," tweeted Clarae Mart
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New pulsed electric field technology could lead to less invasive tumor molecular profiling
New technology devised by Tel Aviv University (TAU), Herzliyah Interdisciplinary (IDC) and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology researchers may soon offer an alternative to invasive and risky biopsies as a means of profiling tumor tissues.
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FSU research: Ketamine could help men suffering from alcohol use disorder
Research from Florida State University is giving physicians a better understanding of ketamine, a potentially useful tool in treating depression that still has unanswered questions. A team of researchers working in the laboratory of Mohamed Kabbaj, a professor of Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience in the College of Medicine, showed that ketamine can decrease alcohol consumption in male rats that
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Artificial intelligence algorithm can learn the laws of quantum mechanics
Artificial intelligence can be used to predict molecular wave functions and the electronic properties of molecules. This innovative AI method could be used to speed-up the design of drug molecules or new materials.
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Complex organ models grown in the lab
Scientists have successfully produced human tissues from stem cells. They have a complexity similar to that of normal tissue and are far superior to previous structures.
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Scientists engineer 'Venus flytrap' bio-sensors to snare pollutants
The biological sensors change color once they have successfully snared a target molecule, and will soon have a host of important environmental, medical and security applications.
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Huge tsunami hit Oman 1,000 years ago
15-meter high waves that pushed boulders the weight of a Leopard tank inland: This is more or less how one can imagine the tsunami that hit the coast of today's Sultanate of Oman about 1,000 years ago, as concluded by a recent study. The findings also show how urgently the region needs a well-functioning early warning system.
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Nyt center skal uddanne ingeniører gennem hele arbejdslivet
PLUS. DTU vil udbyde den efteruddannelse, der er behov for – men også i en form, der passer virksomhederne og den enkelte. Det kræver en kulturændring, erkender direktøren for nyt center.
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Trump's White-Nationalist Vanguard
S tephen Miller's liberal critics were right after all. The influential White House aide and immigration hard-liner has long been a liberal target. Prominent conservatives such as the National Review editor Rich Lowry have defended Miller as a "wunderkind" and praised his "knowledge, energy, and doggedness." But liberals have maintained for years that Miller is pushing an agenda far more sinister
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Clean carbon nanotubes with superb properties
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have found many uses in electronics and new touch screen devices. Carbon nanotubes are sheets of one atom-thick layer of graphene rolled up seamlessly into different sizes and shapes. To be able to use them in commercial products like transparent transistors for phone screens, researchers need to be able to easily test nanotubes for their materials properties,
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50 Years Ago, Americans Made The 2nd Moon Landing… Why Doesn't Anyone Remember?
Everyone knows about Apollo 11, the first moon landing. And about ill-fated Apollo 13. Between them is the forgotten mission — Apollo 12. (Image credit: NASA)
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Robotic transplants safe for kidney disease patients with obesity
Researchers report that among patients with obesity, robotic kidney transplants produce survival outcomes comparable to those seen among nonobese patients. The study includes data collected over 10 years from more than 230 robotic-assisted kidney transplants in patients with obesity.
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Improving the odds for patients with heart pumps
A new Yale study shows that some patients being treated for severe heart failure with a battery-operated pump saw significant improvement after additionally using neurohormonal blockade (NHB) drug therapy.
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State abortion conscience laws
This study examined state laws that grant individuals and institutions rights to refuse participation in abortion based on their beliefs, that grant immunity from liability for such refusals, and that limit conscience rights when patient safety is at risk.
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Treatment of migraine pain in randomized clinical trial
Adults experiencing a migraine of moderate or severe severity took the drug ubrogepant or placebo and reported if after two hours they were free of pain and of their most bothersome migraine-associated symptom in this randomized clinical trial.
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Malaria discovery could lead to better HIV and lupus treatments
A discovery about how the immune system responds to malaria infection could lead to better treatments for hepatitis C, HIV and lupus, say Melbourne researchers. The research team showed, in laboratory models, that strong inflammatory signals caused by malaria infection activate molecules that trigger the production of highly potent antibodies to fight the disease.
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Trial compares maternal blood loss with immediate vs. delayed umbilical cord clamping
This randomized clinical trial compared maternal blood loss with immediate umbilical cord clamping (within 15 seconds after birth) versus delayed clamping (60 seconds after birth) in 113 women who had a scheduled cesarean delivery at term of 37 weeks or more.
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Brain scans reveal how the human brain compensates when one hemisphere is removed
Researchers studying six adults who had one of their brain hemispheres removed during childhood to reduce epileptic seizures found that the remaining half of the brain formed unusually strong connections between different functional brain networks, which potentially help the body to function as if the brain were intact. The case study, which investigates brain function in these individuals with he
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Umbilical cord milking may be linked to higher risk of brain bleeding in preterm infants
Milking the umbilical cord — gently squeezing the cord and pushing the contents into the newborn's abdomen before clamping the cord — could increase the risk for severe intraventricular hemorrhage, or bleeding into the brain's fluid-filled cavities, in extremely preterm infants, according to results of a study funded by the National Institutes of Health that was halted for safety concerns.
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Evidence in mice that childhood asthma is influenced by the neurotransmitter dopamine
Neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine communicate with T cells to enhance allergic inflammation in the lungs of young mice but not older mice, researchers report Nov. 19 in the journal Immunity. The findings potentially explain why asthma susceptibility is higher in children. By highlighting the important role of interactions between the nervous system and the immune system in childho
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Cell death or cancer growth: A question of cohesion
Activation of CD95, a receptor found on all cancer cells, triggers programmed cell death — or does the opposite, namely stimulates cancer cell growth. Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) have now shown that the impact of CD95 activation depends on whether there are isolated cancer cells or three-dimensional structures. Individual cells are programmed to die following CD95 act
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Predicting Alzheimer's disease-like memory loss before it strikes
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes are approaching Alzheimer's from a different angle. In a new study published in Cell Reports, they demonstrate that particular patterns of brain activity can predict far in advance whether a young mouse will develop Alzheimer's-like memory deficits in old age.
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Birds of a feather flock together, but how do they decide where to go?
Coordinated behavior is common in a variety of biological systems, such as insect swarms, fish schools and bacterial colonies. But the way information is spread and decisions are made in such systems is difficult to understand. A group of researchers from Southeast University and China University of Mining and Technology studied the synchronized flight of pigeon flocks. They used this as a basis t
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Tiny filters help detect cancerous blood cells
Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer in which malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, and recent studies have shown that some can leave the marrow and enter the blood stream. Until now, it has been difficult to detect these cells, known as clonal circulating plasma cells, in the blood. In this week's Biomicrofluidics, investigators report development of a new device that can de
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Laying out directions for future of reliable blood clotting molecule models
Blood clots have long been implicated in heart attacks and strokes. While the role of one key protein, called von Willebrand factor, has been established, a reliable model for predicting how it collects in blood vessels remains elusive. Researchers review recent work on understanding the behavior of vWF in APL Bioengineering, painting a portrait of vWF, and by highlighting advances in the field, t
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Rare gas find solves puzzle of Southern Africa's soaring landscape
The discovery of gases released from deep beneath the Earth's crust could help to explain Southern Africa's unusual landscape, a study suggests.
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RNA regulation is crucial for embryonic stem cell differentiation
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are distinguished by their dual ability to self-renew and their potential to differentiate, both of which require tight regulatory control. During the differentiation of ESCs, various cells develop into specialised cell types such as skin cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, etc. While our understanding of ES cell regulation has been dominated by transcriptional and epigen
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Simultaneous measurement of biophysical properties and position of single cells in a microdevice
Tracking the lateral position of single cells and particles plays an important role in evaluating the efficiency of microfluidic cell focusing, separation and sorting. Traditionally, the performance of microfluidic cell separation and sorting is evaluated either by analyzing the input and collected output samples requiring multiple steps of off-chip analysis or the use of expensive equipment (e.g.
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Trash talk hurts, even when it comes from a robot
Trash talking has a long and colorful history of flustering game opponents, and now researchers have demonstrated that discouraging words can be perturbing even when uttered by a robot.
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Decarbonizing the power sector
Electricity supply is one of the biggest CO2 emitters globally. To keep global warming well below 2°C, several paths lead to zero emissions in the energy sector, and each has its potential environmental impacts — such as air and water pollution, land-use or water demand. Using a first-time combination of multiple modelling systems, an international team of researchers has now quantified the actua
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RNA regulation is crucial for embryonic stem cell differentiation
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are distinguished by their dual ability to self-renew and their potential to differentiate, both of which require tight regulatory control. During the differentiation of ESCs, various cells develop into specialised cell types such as skin cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, etc. While our understanding of ES cell regulation has been dominated by transcriptional and epigen
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Deep-sea bacteria copy their neighbors' diet
In the deep sea, far away from the light of the sun, organisms use chemical energy to fix carbon. At hydrothermal vents—where hot, mineral-rich water gushes out of towering chimneys called black smokers—vibrant ecosystems are fueled by chemical energy in the vent waters. Mussels thrive in this seemingly hostile environment, nourished by symbiotic bacteria inside their gills. The bacteria convert c
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Light-sensing camera may help detect extraterrestrial life, dark matter
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have made one of the highest-performance cameras ever composed of sensors that count single photons, or particles of light.
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Dopamine fasting: why Silicon Valley is trying to avoid all forms of stimulation
It's the latest trend in the world's tech capital. But is it really possible to cut yourself off from everything in life that excites you – and can it be any good for you? They have done biohacking , clean sleeping and the keto diet , but now Silicon Valley types have coined a new health trend – dopamine fasting. It is thought that depriving yourself of the neurotransmitter, a chemical messenger
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Deep-sea bacteria copy their neighbors' diet
In the deep sea, far away from the light of the sun, organisms use chemical energy to fix carbon. At hydrothermal vents—where hot, mineral-rich water gushes out of towering chimneys called black smokers—vibrant ecosystems are fueled by chemical energy in the vent waters. Mussels thrive in this seemingly hostile environment, nourished by symbiotic bacteria inside their gills. The bacteria convert c
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Researchers discover remarkable variation in genetic mechanisms that drive sexual differentiation of frogs
Researchers from McMaster University have discovered striking variation in the underlying genetic machinery that orchestrates sexual differentiation in frogs, demonstrating that evolution of this crucial biological system has moved at a dramatic pace.
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The first high-speed straight motion of magnetic skyrmions at room temperature demonstrated
Researchers at Tohoku University have, for the first time, successfully demonstrated a formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic magnetic skyrmions. The findings are expected to pave the way towards new functional information processing and storage technologies.
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Olivine-norite rock detected by Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA impact melt pool
The South Pole-Aitken (SPA) is the largest and deepest basin on the Moon, theoretically opening a window into the lunar lower crust and likely into the upper mantle. However, compositional information of the SPA basin was mainly obtained from orbital remote sensing. Chang'E-4 landed in the SPA Basin, providing a unique chance for in situ probing the composition of the lunar interior. The landing s
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A global 'toilet revolution' is underway, but it's polluting water and ignoring the urban poor
Don't take toilets for granted. Their connection to a managed sewage disposal system protects you from diseases and infections that can stunt your growth, harm your nutrition and even kill you.
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Researchers discover remarkable variation in genetic mechanisms that drive sexual differentiation of frogs
Researchers from McMaster University have discovered striking variation in the underlying genetic machinery that orchestrates sexual differentiation in frogs, demonstrating that evolution of this crucial biological system has moved at a dramatic pace.
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Huge tsunami hit Oman 1,000 years ago
Fifteen-meter high waves that pushed boulders the weight of a Leopard tank inland: This is more or less how one can imagine the tsunami that hit the coast of today's Sultanate of Oman about 1,000 years ago, as concluded by a recent study by the universities of Bonn, Jena, Freiburg and RWTH Aachen. The findings also show how urgently the region needs a well-functioning early warning system. But eve
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Researchers develop a database to aid in identifying key genes for bacterial infections
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms capable of entering, colonizing and growing within a host organism, thus producing an infection. Bacterial infections have been on the rise worldwide in recent years, but many mechanisms underlying bacterial pathogenesis are still poorly understood. This is highly relevant given the fact that the development of new antimicrobial therapies
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A remote control for everything small
Atoms, molecules or even living cells can be manipulated with light beams. At TU Wien a method was developed to revolutionize such "optical tweezers".
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Using AI to predict Earth's future
A recent "deep learning" algorithm—despite having no innate knowledge of solar physics—could provide more accurate predictions of how the sun affects our planet than current models based on scientific understanding.
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Laying out directions for future of reliable blood clotting molecule models
Blood clots have long been implicated in heart attacks and strokes, together accounting for almost half of deaths annually in the United States. While the role of one key protein in the process, called von Willebrand factor, has been established, a reliable model for predicting how vWF collects in blood vessels remains elusive.
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Birds of a feather flock together, but how do they decide where to go?
Coordinated behavior is common in a variety of biological systems, such as insect swarms, fish schools and bacterial colonies. But the way information is spread and decisions are made in such systems is difficult to understand.
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Tiny filters help detect cancerous blood cells
Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer in which malignant plasma cells, a type of white blood cell, accumulate in the bone marrow. This leads to bone destruction and failure of the marrow, which in healthy individuals, produce all the body's red blood cells. The most recent data from the American Cancer Society estimates that almost 27,000 new cases of MM are diagnosed every year, and of these
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How to behave in school
Mass animal behaviour is a marvel – but what makes individuals decide which way to go?
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New insights into malaria immune response
Discovery could also improve treatment of hepatitis, HIV and lupus, researchers suggest.
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A weakened black hole allows its galaxy to awaken
New data provides compelling evidence of a unique phenomenon.
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A new pathway to 'reprogram' killer cells
Killer cells of the immune system detect and kill infected cells or cancer cells. Researchers at the Institute of Pathology at the University of Bern have now discovered that the mechanism by which certain immune cells kill their target cells can also be used to control the killer cells themselves. This finding may be relevant to cancer immunotherapy.
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Milestone reached in new leukemia drug
Using a chemical compound called YKL-05-099, a team of cancer researchers from CSHL and the Dana Farber Institute was able to target the Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 (SIK3) pathway and extend survival in mice with MLL leukemia.
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Scientists find evidence of missing neutron star
The leftovers from a spectacular supernova that revolutionized our understanding of how stars end their lives have finally been spotted by astronomers at Cardiff University.
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Beyond Moore's Law: Taking transistor arrays into the third dimension
Silicon integrated circuits, which are used in computer processors, are approaching the maximum feasible density of transistors on a single chip — at least, in two-dimensional arrays.
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Yoga and physical therapy as treatment for chronic lower back pain also improves sleep
Yoga and physical therapy (PT) are effective approaches to treating co-occurring sleep disturbance and back pain while reducing the need for medication, according to a new study from Boston Medical Center. Published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, the research showed significant improvements in sleep quality lasting 52 weeks after 12 weeks of yoga classes or 1-on-1 PT, which suggests
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Every butterfly in the United States and Canada now has a genome sequence
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03521-4 Draft genomes of more than 800 species hint at the role of interbreeding in the animal's evolution.
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How California can use its research muscle to keep the lights on
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03524-1 The state's universities can help to design and build a clean and resilient power grid.
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Tiny filters help detect cancerous blood cells
Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer in which malignant plasma cells, a type of white blood cell, accumulate in the bone marrow. This leads to bone destruction and failure of the marrow, which in healthy individuals, produce all the body's red blood cells. The most recent data from the American Cancer Society estimates that almost 27,000 new cases of MM are diagnosed every year, and of these
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Why it's so hard to make healthy decisions | David Asch
Why do we make poor decisions that we know are bad for our health? In this frank, funny talk, behavioral economist and health policy expert David Asch explains why our behavior is often irrational — in highly predictable ways — and shows how we can harness this irrationality to make better decisions and improve our health care system overall.
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Researchers develop a database to aid in identifying key genes for bacterial infections
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms capable of entering, colonizing and growing within a host organism, thus producing an infection. Bacterial infections have been on the rise worldwide in recent years, but many mechanisms underlying bacterial pathogenesis are still poorly understood. This is highly relevant given the fact that the development of new antimicrobial therapies
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NASA Finds Supermassive Black Hole Birthing Stars at "Furious Rate"
Galaxy clusters have been fascinating astronomers for decades. Often consisting of thousands of galaxies, the clusters are the largest known structures being held together by gravitational forces. At their centers, astronomers have found some of the biggest and most powerful black holes ever discovered, and high-energy jets of extremely hot particles emanating from these black holes were found to
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Did drought fell the great Assyrian Empire?
Precipitation records suggest it became too weak to resist attacks.
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What's the Difference Between a College and a University?
A small, private higher-education institution in Massachusetts long known as Lasell College recently underwent a subtle but significant transformation: It changed its name. Now the school goes by Lasell University . Its longtime president, Michael B. Alexander, described the new name as "aspirational." He thinks it better reflects the breadth of the school's offerings, and hopes the university de
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Ayahuasca compound changes brainwaves to vivid 'waking-dream' state
Scientists have peered inside the brain to show how taking DMT affects human consciousness by significantly altering the brain's electrical activity.
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Boosting wind farmers, global winds reverse decades of slowing and pick up speed
In a boon to wind farms, average daily wind speeds are picking up across much of the globe after about 30 years of gradual slowing. Research shows that wind speeds in northern mid-latitude regions have increased by roughly 7% since 2010.
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Impact of climate change on Arctic terns
New study shows how changes in Antarctic sea ice is driving one of the world's smallest seabirds to forage further for food.
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Watch out for 'feather duvet lung' caution doctors
Watch out for 'feather duvet lung' doctors have warned after treating a middle aged man with severe lung inflammation that developed soon after he bought feather-filled bedding.
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Hear this: Healthful diet tied to lower risk of hearing loss
Investigators have found that eating a healthy diet may reduce the risk of acquired hearing loss.
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New screening method identifies inhibitors of cancer cell metabolism
A new screening system developed by scientists leverages redundancy in an important component of a cell – nucleotide metabolism – to help identify new drugs that specifically and potently block processes that are essential for cancer cell growth.
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Get over it? When it comes to recycled water, consumers won't
If people are educated on recycled water, they may come to agree it's perfectly safe and tastes as good — or better — than their drinking water. They may even agree it's an answer to the critical water imbalance in California. But that doesn't mean they're going to use recycled water — and it sure doesn't mean they'll drink it. And the reason lies in the word 'disgust.'
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Antibiotics from the sea
Biologists have succeeded in cultivating several dozen marine bacteria in the laboratory — bacteria that had previously been paid little attention. The researchers then carried out a functional characterization of the bacteria, thus enabling a systematic screening for active substances. Initial bioinformatic analyses and cell biological observations indicate potential for the production of new an
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Alexa, what's on TV tonight?
New unit is just $35, but won't work without an Echo speaker and Fire TV streaming player. To start from scratch, total bill is kist under $100.
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Hologram Within a Hologram Hints at Fate of Black Holes
Like cosmic hard drives, black holes pack troves of data into compact spaces. But ever since Stephen Hawking calculated in 1974 that these dense spheres of extreme gravity give off heat and fade away, the fate of their stored information has haunted physicists. The problem is this: The laws of quantum mechanics insist that information about the past is never lost, including the record of whatever
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Researchers find striking variation in mechanisms that drive sex selection in frogs
Researchers from McMaster University have discovered striking variation in the underlying genetic machinery that orchestrates sexual differentiation in frogs, demonstrating that evolution of this crucial biological system has moved at a dramatic pace.
1d
Trinity scientists engineer 'Venus flytrap' bio-sensors to snare pollutants
The biological sensors change color once they have successfully snared a target molecule, and will soon have a host of important environmental, medical and security applications.
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Researchers develop a database to aid in identifying key genes for bacterial infections
A team of scientists from the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and the Centre de Regulació Genomica have created the BacFITBase database, which characterises bacterial genes relevant to the infection process in live organisms. The new database will make it easier to identify new therapeutic targets for the creation of antibiotics.
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Artificial intelligence algorithm can learn the laws of quantum mechanics
Artificial intelligence can be used to predict molecular wave functions and the electronic properties of molecules. This innovative AI method developed by a team of researchers at the University of Warwick, the Technical University of Berlin and the University of Luxembourg, could be used to speed-up the design of drug molecules or new materials.
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RNA regulation is crucial for embryonic stem cell differentiation
Nuclear RNA levels are kept in check by RNA decay factors. Now, researchers at Aarhus and Copenhagen Universities show that an excess of RNA in the nucleus can have negative effects on a crucial regulator of stem cell differentiation.
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New clues to harsh parenting by moms with alcohol dependence
New research digs into the factors that trigger moms with substance use disorders to parent their children harshly. As the researchers define it, harsh parenting can include nonverbal communication, such as angry or contemptuous facial expressions and menacing or threatening body postures; emotional expression, such as irritability, lack of patience and sensitivity, sarcastic comments, and curt a
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Novel Direct Thermal Charging Cell Converts low-grade waste heat to usable electricity
Engineers can now efficiently convert heat into electricity, creating a huge potential to reduce greenhouse effects by capturing exhaust heat and cutting down primary energy wastage.
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Hot electrons harvested without tricks
Semiconductors convert energy from photons into an electron current. However, some photons carry too much energy for the material to absorb. These photons produce 'hot electrons', and the excess energy of these electrons is converted into heat. Materials scientists have been looking for ways to harvest this excess energy. Scientists have now shown that this may be easier than expected.
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Paying countries for carbon protects forests, but only if payments continue
After the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, world leaders committed to pursue a sustainable development agenda. This commitment has resulted in tens of billions of dollars invested in forest conservation to mitigate climate change. But do these financial incentives work? A new study says, yes, but only if payments continue.
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Virtual 'moonwalk' for science reveals distortions in spatial memory
In order to orient ourselves in space, and to find our way around, we form mental maps of our surroundings. But what happens if the coordinate system of our brain, which measures our mental maps, is distorted?
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Benefits of exercise referral schemes not as large as hoped
Exercise referral schemes are associated with many improvements in health and wellbeing, but the changes aren't as large as hoped, finds an analysis of outcomes data.
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Scientists and schoolkids find family soups have antimalarial properties
London schoolchildren have found — with the help of scientists — that some of their families' soup recipes have antimalarial properties.
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Research reveals no link between statins and memory loss
Over 6 years, researchers evaluated the cognitive effects of statins in elderly consumers, revealing no negative impact and potential protective effects in those at risk of dementia.
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Mantis shrimp vs. disco clams: Colorful sea creatures do more than dazzle
A researcher encountered a colorful creature called a disco clam in an Indonesian reef. Now, recent research suggests that she may be narrowing in on answering why this bivalve looks so wild.
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Climate change could double greenhouse gas emissions from freshwater lakes
Every drop of fresh water contains thousands of different organic molecules that have previously gone unnoticed. By measuring the diversity of these molecules and how they interact with the environment around them, research has revealed an invisible world that affects the functioning of freshwater ecosystems and can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
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This space telescope can see black holes using the smoothest mirrors ever created
The Chandra X-Ray Observatory was the heaviest payload to be carried into space by a shuttle. It's been looking at supernovas, black holes and spiral galaxies for two decades. Observatory director Belinda Wilkes gives you a tour of Chandra's universe. From: Scientific American
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Why Hasn't Cory Booker's Campaign Caught Fire?
CONCORD, N.H.—"We! Will! Rise!" Cory Booker's supporters chanted as he made his way down the hallway of the New Hampshire statehouse to file for the primary on Friday morning. "We will rise," Booker wrote on a copy of the primary-ballot announcement that the secretary of state had, for commemorative purposes, asked all the candidates to sign. Booker had a hard time squeezing his words in, because
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Hands on With AMD's New Radeon Pro W5700 Workstation GPU
While gaming GPUs get most of the attention, workstation graphics cards are essential for many kinds of engineering, scientific, AI, and multimedia tasks. So I was eager to get a chance to test out a pre-release version of AMD's new Radeon Pro W5700 workstation GPU ($799). Radeon Pro W5700 By the Numbers First, it was a relief to get a new GPU that sticks to a similar power envelope to prior vers
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Kids of older moms inherit more mitochondrial mutations
New research clarifies how one generation transmits mitochondrial DNA, and potentially mitochondrial disease, to the next. The study finds that children born to older mothers carry more mitochondrial mutations than do children born to younger mothers, which could have important implications for the inheritance of disease-related mutations. Mitochondria are cellular subunits that produce energy, a
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Sverige redo för fossilfritt – men är svenskarna?
Vi måste flyga mindre. Skogen, ängarna och städerna kan komma att se lite annorlunda ut. Men i det stora hela blir livet i det fossilfria Sverige ungefär som idag. Och kostnaderna för själva omställningen – den är marginell, menar forskarna. – I stora drag är de tekniska lösningarna redan på gång, även om det återstår att införa dem i full skala. Det svåra är beteendefrågor och att hitta rätt sty
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Självständiga lagerrobotar som arbetar med människor
Den rullar in på lagret och scannar av sin omgivning. Den autonoma lagerroboten planerar sitt arbete och är redo att packa och lasta varor på lastpallar – allt i samspel med människor och andra robotar. Forskare vid Örebro universitet testar nu sin robot skarpt. I tre års tid har Örebroforskare inom ramen för EU-projektet Iliad arbetat med att utveckla autonoma lagerrobotar som kan arbeta med män
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Machine learning-assisted molecular design for high-performance organic photovoltaic materials
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Artificial Intelligence: CIO Survey Sees Big Gains in 2020
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'This Is Not Cool!' – Astronomers Despair As SpaceX Starlink Train Ruins Observation Of Nearby Galaxies
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Rural healthcare: remote doctors explaining how to perform procedures in real time
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Panasonic's Hydrogen Station "H2 Kusatsu Farm" Is Now in Operation. The hydrogen facility is designed to verify the practicality of hydrogen energy using two methods, water electrolysis and gas reforming.
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Scientists used artificial intelligence to discover a 2,000 year-old stick figure in Peru's mysterious Nazca Lines
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You Can Make a Rocket Engine's Entire Combustion Chamber in One 3D Print
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Designer baby revolution could be less than two years away, research suggests
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Nanoparticles containing chemotherapeutic drugs and "hitchhiking" on red blood cells treat cancerous lung tumors more successfully than nanoparticles delivered alone, a new mouse study finds.
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A remote control for everything small
Special light beams can be used to manipulate molecules or small biological particles. However, these optical tweezers only work with objects in empty space. Any disturbing environment would deflect the light waves and destroy the effect. This is a problem, in particular with biological samples. Now, a special method was developed to calculate the perfect wave form to manipulate small particles in
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Complex organ models grown in the lab
Scientists at the University of Würzburg have successfully produced human tissues from stem cells. They have a complexity similar to that of normal tissue and are far superior to previous structures.
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Beyond the green revolution
There has been a substantial increase in food production over the last 50 years, but it has been accompanied by a narrowing in the diversity of cultivated crops. New research shows that diversifying crop production can make food supply more nutritious, reduce resource demand and greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance climate resilience without reducing calorie production or requiring more land.
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Unlocking the secrets of badger dispersal to minimize the spread of bovine TB
By understanding how, when, and why badgers move from one social group to another, researchers hope information gleaned from GPS devices will help them tailor vaccination programs to reduce the spread of bovine tuberculosis.
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Huge tsunami hit Oman 1,000 years ago
15-meter high waves that pushed boulders the weight of a Leopard tank inland: This is more or less how one can imagine the tsunami that hit the coast of today's Sultanate of Oman about 1,000 years ago, as concluded by a recent study by the universities of Bonn, Jena, Freiburg and RWTH Aachen. The findings also show how urgently the region needs a well-functioning early warning system.
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Clean carbon nanotubes with superb properties
Scientists at Aalto University, Finland, and Nagoya University, Japan, have found a new way to make ultra-clean carbon nanotube transistors with superior semiconducting properties.
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Olivine-norite rock detected by Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA impact melt pool
Chang'E-4 research team lead by Prof. Yangting Lin from Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, suggested that olivine-norite rock detected by the lunar rover Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA impact melt pool. This work is published in National Science Review.
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25 years of learning to combat cervical cancer
A recent paper from the lab of Professor Sudhir Krishna at the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, reviews the progress made in cervical cancer research over the past 25 years. This extensive coverage published in the journal of Experimental Cell Research highlights the role of a popular signaling molecule called Notch in human cervical cancer progression.
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New analytical screening tools for the detection of cardiovascular disease
Presented in a study published in the journal Medical Image Analysis by Mariana Nogueira and Mathieu De Craene, first authors, within the framework of the CardioFunxion project, led by Bart Bijnens (ICREA) and Gemma Piella, members of the Physense and SiMBioSys research groups at BCN MedTech, experts in Machine Learning for clinical decision-making.
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Rare gas find solves puzzle of Southern Africa's soaring landscape
The discovery of gases released from deep beneath the Earth's crust could help to explain Southern Africa's unusual landscape, a study suggests.
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Simultaneous measurement of biophysical properties and position of single cells in a microdevice
SUTD researchers developed an N-shaped electrode-based microfluidic impedance cytometry device for the simultaneous measurement of the lateral position and physical properties of single cells and particles in continuous flows. This novel microdevice can be easily integrated with other microfluidic platforms as a downstream approach for the real-time characterization of the sorting efficiency and b
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Deep-sea bacteria copy their neighbors' diet
A new group of symbiotic bacteria in deep-sea mussels surprises with the way they fix carbon: They use the Calvin cycle to turn carbon into tasty food. The bacteria acquired the genes for this process from neighboring symbiotic bacteria in the mussel. These results from a recent study by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, now published in ISME Journal, call into ques
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NIST's light-sensing camera may help detect extraterrestrial life, dark matter
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have made one of the highest-performance cameras ever composed of sensors that count single photons, or particles of light.
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Light-to-moderate exercise may bring benefits for sickle cell disease
While exercise offers benefits for a wide range of health conditions, it has historically been considered too dangerous for people living with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, a new study published today in the journal Blood adds to mounting evidence that low- to moderate-intensity exercise may be not only safe, but beneficial for these patients.
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Starter næste år: SAS vil flyve langdistance med narrow-body-fly
PLUS. I 2019 indsættes første Airbus A321LR, som kan flytte 157 passagerer op til 6.700 kilometer. Det er nok til at nå til Alaska, Congo, Oman, Nepal og Mongoliet.
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Infants from 2100 years ago found with helmets made of children's skulls
A team of researchers from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Universidad Técnica de Manabí in Ecuador has found and reported on ancient infant skulls that were excavated at a site in Salango, Ecuador. In their paper published in the journal Latin American Antiquity, the group describes how the infant skulls were encased in the skulls of older children.
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Local news outlets can fill the media trust gap, but the public needs to pony up
With the polarization of America's media and politics reaching a fever pitch, many news consumers—"worn out by a fog of political news," as a recent New York Times feature put it – are responding by tuning out altogether.
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Scientists engineer 'Venus flytrap' bio-sensors to snare pollutants
Scientists from Trinity have created a suite of new biological sensors by chemically re-engineering pigments to act like tiny Venus flytraps.
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Scientists engineer 'Venus flytrap' bio-sensors to snare pollutants
Scientists from Trinity have created a suite of new biological sensors by chemically re-engineering pigments to act like tiny Venus flytraps.
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Study tracks long-term impact of teenage crime
A landmark study into youth crime is launching a new phase to better understand how experience of offending in childhood impacts on later life.
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Reservoir management could prevent toxic algal blooms
Managing reservoirs for water quality, not just flood control, could be part of the solution to the growth of toxic algal blooms in the Great Lakes, especially Lake Erie, every summer.
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First detection of sugars in meteorites gives clues to origin of life
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2019/sugars-in-meteorites
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The science institutions hiring integrity inspectors to vet their papers
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03529-w Some researchers have their manuscripts screened for errors before they go to journals.
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A Man's New Bionic Eye Lets Him See After an Accident Blinded Him
Months after being fitted with a bionic eye — a camera hooked up to a neural implant — a man named Jason Esterhuizen was able to see for the first time since he was blinded by a car accident. Esterhuizen is one of six people in the world to be outfitted with the Orion , an experimental device that takes video footage, converts it into electrical activity, and stimulates the pattern onto the visua
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The Messy Legal Fight to Bring Celebrities Back From the Dead
A new movie is digitally resurrecting James Dean. And with image rights to old celebrities expiring, it's just the start.
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How Selfish Are You? It Matters for MIT's New Self-Driving Algorithm
Our personalities impact almost everything we do, from the career path we choose to the way we interact with others to how we spend our free time. But what about the way we drive—could personality be used to predict whether a driver will cut someone off, speed, or, say, zoom through a yellow light instead of braking? There must be something to the idea that those of us who are more mild-mannered
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Long spaceflights found to lead to blood flowing in the wrong direction in some cases
An international team of researchers has found that people in space for long durations can experience blood flowing in the wrong direction in the jugular vein. In their paper published on JAMA Network Open, the group describes their study of blood flow in astronauts.
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Atoms don't like jumping rope
Nanooptical traps are a promising building block for quantum technologies. Austrian and German scientists have now removed an important obstacle to their practical use. They were able to show that a special form of mechanical vibration heats trapped particles in a very short time and knocks them out of the trap.
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Scientists use catalysts to destroy cancerous cells from within
Researchers from the Universities of Granada and Zaragoza and the Edinburgh Cancer Research Center have developed a new tool in the fight against cancer. Their study, recently published in the prestigious journal Nature Catalysis, delivers palladium catalysts directly into cancer cells inside tiny vesicles (exosomes) to activate the chemotherapeutic drug in situ.
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CUHK Faculty of Engineering develops browser-based analysis framework observer
Malicious third-party advertisers or hackers expose web users to a security threat by injecting malicious JavaScript code to intercept user clicks and trick them into visiting untrusted web content.
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The first high-speed straight motion of magnetic skyrmion at room temperature demonstrated
Researchers at Tohoku University have, for the first time, successfully demonstrated a formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic magnetic skyrmions. The established findings are expected to pave the way towards new functional information processing and storage technologies.
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New species of seaweed uncovered by genetic analyses
Genetic analyses have revealed remarkably higher species diversity in common red seaweed than previously assumed. It was thought that there were only five related species of the Gloiopeltis genus worldwide. However, it has been revealed that there are over ten in Japan alone. The reinstatement of the species Gloiopeltis compressa (Ryukyu-funori) was proposed by this international research collabor
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Tysk lovudkast sigter mod at åbne iPhones NFC-funktionalitet for konkurrenter
I Tyskland vil politikere have åbnet for NFC-funktionaliteten i iPhones, så den kan bruges af tredjeparter til betaling.
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New space dangers found by NASA in astronaut blood
A NASA study reveals new dangers to the human body in space. The absence of gravity caused changes in people's blood flows. Some had blood going in reverse while others developed clots. None Humanity's expansion into space is both a hopeful and risky endeavor. A new study from NASA identified a new danger – low gravity can make blood flow stop and actually go in reverse in some astronauts. The co
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Researchers find secret of beetle success: Stolen genes
An international team of researchers has found what appears to be one of the secrets to evolutionary success for beetles—genes stolen from bacteria and fungi. In their paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group describes their study of the beetle genome and what they found.
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New finding on origin of avian predentary in Mesozoic birds
The predentary bone is one of the most enigmatic skeletal elements in avian evolution. Located at the tip of the lower jaw, this bone is absent in more primitive birds and in living birds; it is thought to have been lost during evolution. For over 30 years, the origin and function of the avian predentary has remained mysterious.
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Breathing space for a marine world under pressure
A small, motorized fishing boat heads out to sea from the port of Sinabang, leaving behind the remote island of Simeulue, off the coast of western Sumatra. Noticeable on the deck is a tangle of plastic tubes, linked up to a roaring, spluttering engine. The on-board fishers are going "compressor fishing," a practice that involves divers searching the seabed for lucrative octopus, grouper and sea cu
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Researchers find secret of beetle success: Stolen genes
An international team of researchers has found what appears to be one of the secrets to evolutionary success for beetles—genes stolen from bacteria and fungi. In their paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group describes their study of the beetle genome and what they found.
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What makes older people stick with fitness trackers?
While counterintuitive, engaging in competition with family and friends decreases the odds of long-term use of activity trackers among older adults, perhaps because they feel it's demotivating, according to a new study. Wanting to lose weight, become more active, and monitor health doesn't seem to influence length of use either, the study finds. But tech savvy does. "For older adults, motivation
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Introducing the December 2019 Issue
Fire tornadoes, the black hole paradox, GPS under attack, and more — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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SpaceX's Starlink satellites are interfering with astronomy again
The second batch of Starlink satellites, launched last week by Elon Musk's SpaceX, are interfering with astronomical observations of the southern sky
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Breathing space for a marine world under pressure
A small, motorized fishing boat heads out to sea from the port of Sinabang, leaving behind the remote island of Simeulue, off the coast of western Sumatra. Noticeable on the deck is a tangle of plastic tubes, linked up to a roaring, spluttering engine. The on-board fishers are going "compressor fishing," a practice that involves divers searching the seabed for lucrative octopus, grouper and sea cu
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Economic recovery kept more robots from eliminating jobs
A strong economic recovery over the past decade has saved many jobs and slowed automation in the United States, but a new report says less-educated, younger and minority workers in the Midwest manufacturing industry are being displaced at the highest rates by robots.
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Hubris behind corporate unethical behavior, research finds
New research from The Australian National University (ANU) has found overconfidence driven by outstanding performance is the decisive factor when companies behave badly.
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Research uncovers first evidence of RNA-triggered phase separation
A fundamental question in biology is how cells orchestrate chemical reactions in time and space.
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Drones carting GoPros to track gray whale behavior and spot their poop off Oregon Coast
Using drones deployed in the air and GoPros underwater, Oregon State University marine ecologist Leigh Torres recently completed her fourth field season documenting previously unseen behaviors of gray whales—and gathering their poop—off the Oregon coast.
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Drones carting GoPros to track gray whale behavior and spot their poop off Oregon Coast
Using drones deployed in the air and GoPros underwater, Oregon State University marine ecologist Leigh Torres recently completed her fourth field season documenting previously unseen behaviors of gray whales—and gathering their poop—off the Oregon coast.
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Research uncovers first evidence of RNA-triggered phase separation
A fundamental question in biology is how cells orchestrate chemical reactions in time and space.
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Freshwater lakes already emit a quarter of global carbon—and climate change could double that
Lakes and ponds are the final resting place for many of the Earth's plants. Rivers collect much of the planet's dead organic matter, transporting it to rest in calmer waters.
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Machine learning-assisted molecular design for high-performance organic photovoltaic materials
To synthesize high-performance materials for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) that convert solar radiation into direct current, materials scientists must meaningfully establish the relationship between chemical structures and their photovoltaic properties. In a new study on Science Advances, Wenbo Sun and a team including researchers from the School of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Automatio
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From the archive
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03505-4 How Nature reported the hatching of a penguin chick at Edinburgh Zoo in 1919, and a golden age for astrophysics in the 1960s.
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NASA scientists confirm water vapor on Europa
Forty years ago, a Voyager spacecraft snapped the first closeup images of Europa, one of Jupiter's 79 moons. These revealed brownish cracks slicing the moon's icy surface, which give Europa the look of a veiny eyeball. Missions to the outer solar system in the decades since have amassed enough additional information about Europa to make it a high-priority target of investigation in NASA's search f
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Researchers find risk in reopening Florida goliath grouper fishery
A review of the iconic Atlantic goliath grouper by a team of Florida State University scientists revealed considerable downsides to proposals to reopen the fishery that has been closed for nearly 30 years.
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The best way to strip paint off a fighter jet? Laser-wielding robots.
The two robots each work on their own side of the jet. (Alex Lloyd / US Air Force/) Most of the Air Force's F-16 fleet is painted a shade of grey. In addition to their camouflage effect, the top coats and primer below them prevent the pricy metal planes from corrosion due to moisture. Just like a house needs to be repainted from time to time, so do fighter jets. Sometimes, a maintenance crew can
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NASA: Neptune's Moons "Dance" to Avoid Smashing Into Each Other
Close Encounters Neptune has 14 confirmed moons , one of which is so far away from the planet that it needs 27 Earth years to complete a single orbit. But the two closest moons, Naiad and Thalassa, whip around the ice giant every seven and seven-and-a-half hours, respectively — and engage in a strange "dance," according to new research, in order to avoid slamming into one another along their brie
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Researchers find risk in reopening Florida goliath grouper fishery
A review of the iconic Atlantic goliath grouper by a team of Florida State University scientists revealed considerable downsides to proposals to reopen the fishery that has been closed for nearly 30 years.
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Health threat from blue-green blooms extends beyond single toxin
As blue-green algae proliferates around the world, a University of Saskatchewan (USask) researcher cautions that current municipal drinking water monitoring that focuses on a single toxin associated with the cyanobacteria blooms is likely to miss the true public health risks.
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Some small mammals undeterred by industrial activity, study shows
Two common species of small mammals are not significantly disturbed by industrial activity near their homes, according to a new study by University of Alberta scientists.
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Health threat from blue-green blooms extends beyond single toxin
As blue-green algae proliferates around the world, a University of Saskatchewan (USask) researcher cautions that current municipal drinking water monitoring that focuses on a single toxin associated with the cyanobacteria blooms is likely to miss the true public health risks.
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Some small mammals undeterred by industrial activity, study shows
Two common species of small mammals are not significantly disturbed by industrial activity near their homes, according to a new study by University of Alberta scientists.
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Economizing on iridium
Iridium is an ideal catalyst for the electrolytic production of hydrogen from water—but it is extremely expensive. But now a new kind of electrode made of highly porous material does an excellent job with just a hint of iridium.
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Power-to-X og 'grøn' cement: Her er klimapanelets anbefalinger til investeringer
Med den kommende finanslov er der lagt op til, at Innovationsfonden får øremærket 800 millioner kroner til grønne udviklingsprojekter. Fondens klimapanel har derfor kastet lys over, hvilke klimaløsninger Danmark får mest ud af at investere i.
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Introducing the December 2019 Issue
Fire tornadoes, the black hole paradox, GPS under attack, and more — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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70 is the new 65 when it comes to health and life expectancy in the UK
The UK Office for National Statistics says men aged 70 feel as healthy as 65-year-old men did in 1997. Women aged 70 feel as healthy as 65-year-olds did in 1981
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Nitrogen fertilizers are incredibly efficient, but they make climate change a lot worse
Nitrous oxide (N2O) (more commonly known as laughing gas) is a powerful contributor to global warming. It is 265 times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide and depletes our ozone layer.
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The Apple Card Didn't 'See' Gender—and That's the Problem
The way its algorithm determines credit lines makes the risk of bias more acute.
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Förstärkta vindar ger mer vindkraft
Vindkraften har fått medvind. Sedan år 2010 har den globala genomsnittliga vindhastigheten ökat och därmed också tillgången på energi för vindkraftsindustrin. Det visar en internationell forskarstudie. Sedan länge har det för forskarna varit känt att vindhastigheterna på land minskat från och med 1980-talet. Samtidigt har den globala uppvärmningen ökat. – Genom global uppvärmning så minskar tempe
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En genetisk dragkamp mellan könen skapar variation
Stor variation i generna är bra för överlevnaden hos arter som förökar sig sexuellt. Nu visar forskare från Uppsala universitet att det är en genetisk dragkamp mellan könen som upprätthåller variationen. Hos arter med sexuell fortplantning finns inte två individer som är exakt lika och forskare har länge kämpat med att förstå varför det finns så mycket genetisk variation. För viktiga egenskaper s
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Majority of childhood sex-abuse survivors achieve complete mental health
Two-thirds of the childhood sexual-abuse survivors met the criteria for complete mental health, this study found. Greater understanding of factors associated with complete mental health among survivors is an important first step in helping survivors achieve the level of well-being found in the general adult population.
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Be aware of potential complications following tongue-tie surgery in babies
Complications following a procedure to treat tongue-tie in babies are occurring that can result in admission to hospital, something a University of Otago paediatrician says needs to be better understood by both health practitioners and parents.
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Anal cancer rates and mortality have risen dramatically among Americans
Rates of new anal cancer diagnoses and deaths related to human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection, have increased dramatically over the last 15 years, according to researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth). The results of their study were published in the November issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
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People with type 1 diabetes struggle with blood sugar control despite CGMs
Some continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) alarm features and settings may achieve better blood sugar control for people with type 1 diabetes, according to a study published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society.
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Uncovering the pathway to wine's acidity
University of Adelaide wine researchers say their latest discovery may one day lead to winemakers being able to manipulate the acidity of wines without the costly addition of tartaric acid.
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New 3D printing technique produces 'living' 4D materials
UNSW Sydney researchers have successfully merged 3D/4D printing with a chemical process to produce 'living' resin, which has huge potential for fields as diverse as recycling and biomedicine.
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How large can a planet be?
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. In terms of mass, Jupiter dwarfs the other planets. If you were to gather all the other planets together into a single mass, Jupiter would still be 2.5 times more massive. It is hard to understate just how huge Jupiter is. But as we've discovered thousands of exoplanets in recent decades, it raises an interesting question about how Jupiter compare
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Demand response: How to reward users for saving energy and protecting the environment
With increased efforts to create a more dynamic power grid that is cleaner, more reliable and more efficient, utilities are tapping into various new technologies and programs. A popular energy solution is demand response (DR). Typically implemented in the industrial sector where energy use is high and peak energy demand comes at a significant cost to utilities and the grid itself, DR usage is gain
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China Now Launches More Orbital Rockets Than Any Other Country
China Number One In 2018, China completed more successful orbital launches than any other nation for the first time, with its 35 flights dwarfing the United States' 29 launches and Russia's 20. Now, Ars Technica reports that the country is on pace to set the record again this year — yet another sign that China is largely shaping the future of space exploration despite U.S. companies like SpaceX d
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Older adults and wearable activity trackers
For older adults, wearable activity trackers may be popular gifts, but they may not be used for very long. While counterintuitive, engaging in competition with family and friends decreases the odds of long-term use among older adults, perhaps because they feel it's demotivating, according to a new study.
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Four ways to curb light pollution, save bugs
Artificial light at night negatively impacts thousands of species: beetles, moths, wasps and other insects that have evolved to use light levels as cues for courtship, foraging and navigation. Scientists reviewed 229 studies to document the myriad ways that light alters the living environment such that insects are unable to carry out crucial biological functions.
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How LISA pathfinder detected dozens of 'comet crumbs'
Scientists leveraged LISA Pathfinder's record-setting sensitivity (designed to ripples in space-time produced by, among other things, merging black holes) for a different purpose much closer to home — mapping microscopic dust shed by comets and asteroids.
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Nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas, is on the rise
A new study from an international group of scientists finds we are releasing more of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide into the atmosphere than previously thought.
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A Research Scandal in China
This is not going to be a reassuring story – not for the biomedical literature, and not for the Chinese scientific establishment. But the head of the official Research Integrity initiative there, Xuetao Cao, a former head of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and current president of Nankai University, is now thoroughly involved in a faked-research scandal of his own. Here's a post from Leon
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Nanooptical traps: A promising building block for quantum technologies
Nanooptical traps are a promising building block for quantum technologies. Austrian and German scientists have now removed an important obstacle to their practical use. They were able to show that a special form of mechanical vibration heats trapped particles in a very short time and knocks them out of the trap.
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Er der mere at debattere?
Styrelsen forklarer og forsvarer sig, mens lægerne bl.a. opfordrer styrelsen til at fokusere mere på læring. Det er vanskeligt at se, hvordan denne form for debat kan fremmane kvalificerede løsninger, skriver professor Mette Hartlev.
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New species of seaweed uncovered by genetic analyses
Genetic analyses have revealed remarkably higher species diversity in common red seaweed than previously assumed. It was thought that there were only five related species of the Gloiopeltis genus (known as 'funori' in Japanese) worldwide. However, genetic analyses of historic and modern specimens have revealed that there are over ten in Japan alone. The reinstatement of the species Gloiopeltis com
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Opinion: Websites Ask for Permissions And Attack Forgiveness
Web pages are increasingly powerful—asking for notifications, webcam access, or location—but this great power comes with great vulnerabilities.
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New species of seaweed uncovered by genetic analyses
Genetic analyses have revealed remarkably higher species diversity in common red seaweed than previously assumed. It was thought that there were only five related species of the Gloiopeltis genus (known as 'funori' in Japanese) worldwide. However, genetic analyses of historic and modern specimens have revealed that there are over ten in Japan alone. The reinstatement of the species Gloiopeltis com
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New research finds gender inequality extends beyond the grave
Ghosts of sexism past haunt the world's most famous rich list for dead celebrities, according to a new study from the University of York.
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World's largest counterfeit drug market ripe for disruption
Africa's flourishing open market in medicine is costing money and lives
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MU researchers describe catatonia in Down syndrome
Down syndrome, due to an extra chromosome 21, occurs in 250,000 children and adults in the United States, making it the country's most common chromosomal disorder. Inherited heart defects, thyroid cancer, celiac disease and developmental disabilities are common Down syndrome complications. Only recently has catatonia, a behavioral condition marked by new onset immobility, mutism, withdrawal and ot
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Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2019
World-changing technologies that are poised to rattle the status quo — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Development of magneto-optic effect measurement device using dual-comb spectroscopy
Professor Kaoru Minoshima from the University of Electro-Communications and NEOARK Corporation have succeeded in prototyping a greatly improved magneto-optic effect measurement device as part of the ERATO MINOSHIMIA Intelligent Optical Synthesizer Project, under the JST Strategic Basic Research Programs. An exhibition of the prototype device is planned for the Science Photonics Fair 2019 being hel
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Uncovering the pathway to wine's acidity
University of Adelaide wine researchers say their latest discovery may one day lead to winemakers being able to manipulate the acidity of wines without the costly addition of tartaric acid.
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Study finds a green solution in halving children's pollutant exposure
Simply planting a hedge in front of a park can halve the amount of traffic pollution that reaches children as they play, finds a new study by the University of Surrey.
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Stabilizing ligands make nanoclusters brighter
Metal nanoclusters that bear tunable surface ligands could help develop next-generation imaging and photocatalytic approaches, suggests work by KAUST researchers.
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Conspiracy theorists actively seek out their online communities
Why do people believe conspiracy theories? Is it because of who they are, what they've encountered, or a combination of both?
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Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2019
World-changing technologies that are poised to rattle the status quo — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Supernova 1987A: 'Blob' hides long-sought remnant from star blast
A three-decades-long search may finally have located the hot object left behind by a famous supernova.
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Uncovering the pathway to wine's acidity
University of Adelaide wine researchers say their latest discovery may one day lead to winemakers being able to manipulate the acidity of wines without the costly addition of tartaric acid.
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Mitochondrial mixing mechanism critical for sperm production in mice
Mitochondria, often thought of as the powerhouses of cells, are just one part of a larger living thing, but they are unique among cellular structures in that they have their own DNA that is distinct from that of their parent cells. And just like their parent cells, mitochondria need quality-control mechanisms to maintain their DNA and preserve their normal function.
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Coming to a head: How vertebrates became predators by tweaking the neural crest
Lamprey are blood-sucking vampire-like fish that attach to and eventually kill game fish, making them the bane of many a fisherman's existence. Like something out of a horror film, these parasites use radial rows of sharp teeth to dig into the skin of their host and extract blood and other fluids for food. But to Caltech scientists, these gruesome pests hold important clues to the evolution and su
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Leaders educated in economics spur faster economic growth, study finds
Want your pipes fixed? Call a plumber. Need an illness diagnosed? See a doctor. Looking to boost your country's economy? Choose a leader who was educated in economics.
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Subaru telescope detects the mid-infrared emission band from complex organic molecules in comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner
Using the Cooled Mid-Infrared Camera and Spectrometer (COMICS) on the Subaru Telescope, astronomers have detected an unidentified infrared emission band from comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner (hereafter, comet 21P/G-Z) in addition to the thermal emissions from silicate and carbon grains. These unidentified infrared emissions are likely due to complex organic molecules, both aliphatic and aromatic hydroca
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Mitochondrial mixing mechanism critical for sperm production in mice
Mitochondria, often thought of as the powerhouses of cells, are just one part of a larger living thing, but they are unique among cellular structures in that they have their own DNA that is distinct from that of their parent cells. And just like their parent cells, mitochondria need quality-control mechanisms to maintain their DNA and preserve their normal function.
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Coming to a head: How vertebrates became predators by tweaking the neural crest
Lamprey are blood-sucking vampire-like fish that attach to and eventually kill game fish, making them the bane of many a fisherman's existence. Like something out of a horror film, these parasites use radial rows of sharp teeth to dig into the skin of their host and extract blood and other fluids for food. But to Caltech scientists, these gruesome pests hold important clues to the evolution and su
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Fokus på läsupplevelsen i skolan kan ge ökad läsvana
Undervisningen av skönlitteratur på svenska gymnasieskolor är instrumentell och styrs ofta av lärarnas behov av att kunna kontrollera eleverna. Det visar en studie från Umeå universitet, som undersöker gymnasielärares syn på litteraturundervisning inom svenskämnet. Språkutveckling anges som ett vanligt skäl till att läsa skönlitteratur, liksom möjligheten att genom läsningen skapa sammanhang och
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"Promote scientific spirit, build Chinese school of thought"
Are you excited about the massive research integrity hypocrisy around China's first immunologist Xuetao Cao? Smut Clyde will explain to you the Flaw Cytometry and other naughtiness they uncovered, led by Elisabeth Bik.
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Metagenomics unlocks unknowns of diarrheal disease cases in children
Using advanced metagenomics techniques, researchers have found that conventional culture-based lab tests may misdiagnose as many as half of the microbial causes of diarrheal diseases in children. The study, based on samples from Ecuadorian children, also found that a common strain of the E. coli bacterium may be more virulent than previously believed.
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How India's changing cotton sector has led to distress, illnesses, failure
India is the No. 1 cotton producer in the world, but its crop is in distress. Heavy use of pesticides, new genetically modified seeds, suicides, and an overabundance of seed choices have interacted within the past decade to create an environment for farmers that is dangerous and potentially even fatal.
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Aquatic rover goes for a drive under the ice
A little robotic explorer will be rolling into Antarctica this month to perform a gymnastic feat—driving upside down under sea ice.
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Metagenomics unlocks unknowns of diarrheal disease cases in children
Using advanced metagenomics techniques, researchers have found that conventional culture-based lab tests may misdiagnose as many as half of the microbial causes of diarrheal diseases in children. The study, based on samples from Ecuadorian children, also found that a common strain of the E. coli bacterium may be more virulent than previously believed.
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New 3-D printing technique produces 'living' 4-D materials
Repairing and reusing plastics and delivering cancer drugs more effectively are only two of many of the potential applications a new 3-D/4-D printing technology might have, thanks to the pioneering work of a research collaboration between UNSW Sydney and The University of Auckland.
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Green cement a step closer to being a game-changer for construction emissions
Concrete is the most widely used man-made material, commonly used in buildings, roads, bridges and industrial plants. But producing the Portland cement needed to make concrete accounts for 5-8% of all global greenhouse emissions. There is a more environmentally friendly cement known as MOC (magnesium oxychloride cement), but its poor water resistance has limited its use—until now. We have develope
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High school students are unequipped to spot 'fake news'
Despite mounting attention to the threat of "fake news" on the internet and efforts nationwide to improve digital media literacy, high school students still have difficulty discerning fact from fiction online, according to new research from scholars at Stanford Graduate School of Education.
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Mechanism connects early binge drinking to adult behaviors
Intermittent exposure to high levels of alcohol in adolescent animals leads to increased levels of microRNA-137 in the brains of adults. Blocking microRNA-137 helps to reverse or the lasting effects of youth drinking, such as increased alcohol use and anxiety.
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Diverse schooling shows up in relationships later
Young people who attend diverse schools are more likely later in life to befriend or date people of a different race, according to a new book. In studying the forces that divide Americans along racial lines, Grace Kao, professor of sociology and chair of the sociology department at Yale University, examines two universal desires that bind us—friendship and romance. Her new book, The Company We Ke
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Blowtorch jets from a black hole drive starbirth
Supermassive black holes, weighing millions or even billions of times our Sun's mass, are still only a tiny fraction of the mass of the galaxies they inhabit. But in some cases, the central black hole is the tail wagging the dog. It seems that black holes can run hot or cold when it comes to either enhancing or squelching star birth inside a cluster of galaxies.
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Vangsted på vildspor
Lægeformand Andreas Rudkjøbing ryster på hovedet over Vangsted udmelding om, at lægeformanden skulle skabe unødig frygt for tilsynet. En tilsynssag er både alvorlig og indgribende, skriver han.
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Global heating supercharging Indian Ocean climate system
Indian Ocean dipole events, linked to bushfires and floods, are becoming stronger and more frequent, scientists say Global heating is "supercharging" an increasingly dangerous climate mechanism in the Indian Ocean that has played a role in disasters this year including bushfires in Australia and floods in Africa. Scientists and humanitarian officials say this year's record Indian Ocean dipole , a
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SC19: Intel Unveils New GPU Stack, oneAPI Development Effort
Intel made some significant announcements at Supercomputing 19 on Sunday, including new details on its Xe GPU architecture and a programming model it calls oneAPI. Both products are critical to the company's future plans; Xe represents Intel's first-ever push into data center GPUs and its first discrete GPU in nearly a decade. OneAPI is part of Intel's effort to expand both its total addressable
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Ford Took Over Tesla's Electric Avenue for Mustang Mach-E Introduction
Bill Ford Jr., right, at media scrum. Can this be more than the merest of coincidences? (Probably. Yeah.) Ford held its biggest car introduction of 2019 Sunday night: the unveiling of the Mustang Mach-E battery-electric SUV. Hundreds of media, analysts and bloggers gathered to see the car firsthand and hear Ford's logic in transplanting the name from one of America's most iconic sports cars and e
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A genetic tug-of-war between the sexes begets variation
In species with sexual reproduction, no two individuals are alike and scientists have long struggled to understand why there is so much genetic variation. A new study shows that a genetic tug-of-war between the sexes acts to maintain variation.
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Gut microbiota imbalance promotes the onset of colorectal cancer
Researchers have demonstrated that an imbalance in the gut microbiota, also known as 'dysbiosis', promotes the onset of colorectal cancer. The teams demonstrated that transplanting fecal flora from patients with colon cancer into mice caused lesions and epigenetic changes characteristic of the development of a malignant tumor. The pilot study led to the development of a non-invasive blood test whi
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Directional control of self-propelled protocells
Synthetic protocells can be made to move toward and away from chemical signals, an important step for the development of new drug-delivery systems that could target specific locations in the body.
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New, slippery toilet coating provides cleaner flushing, saves water
Researchers have developed a method that dramatically reduces the amount of water needed to flush a conventional toilet, which usually requires 6 liters.
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Sapere Aude-bevillinger til forskning i Arktis, bakterier og DNA-skader
Tre forskere fra Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Københavns Universitet, modtager en Sapere…
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Stalkerware: The secret apps people use to spy on their partners
Apps that secretly give people access to their partners' smartphones are growing in prominence, but is the threat being taken seriously?
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Kontanter til naboerne skal give mere grøn energi
Ret til få købt sit hus, årlige betalinger, forbedret kompensation for tab af ejendomsværdi og kontant betaling til kommuner, hvor der opstilles vindmøller og solcelleanlæg, skal gøre det lettere at få opstillet vindmøller, solceller og andre grønne energianlæg.
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'Face blindness' may involve a failed brain network, and could shed light on autism
Face blindness often becomes apparent in early childhood, but people occasionally acquire it from a brain injury later in life. A new study of people who became face-blind after a stroke, led by Alexander Cohen, MD, PhD, of Boston Children's Hospital, provides clues to what goes wrong in the brain.
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Receiving care in a multidisciplinary prostate cancer clinic increases discussion about treatment options and adherence to national guidelines
Newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients have multiple standard-of-care treatment options available, but many are not fully informed of their choices. A study led by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found men who seek treatment at a multidisciplinary (MultiD) prostate cancer clinic are more likely to be advised about treatment choices and to receive care that compli
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Exoplanet axis study boosts hopes of complex life, just not next door
There's new hope that we aren't alone in the universe, that advanced beings may exist on exoplanets. But they're probably not close by, says a new study on the stability of planetary tilts — and orbits — needed to encourage the evolution of complex life.
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Researchers bring gaming to autonomous vehicles
Researchers have designed multiplayer games occupants of autonomous vehicles can play with other players in nearby self-driving cars. A new study details three games created for level three and higher semi-autonomous vehicles. The researchers also made suggestions for many exciting types of in-car games for future exploration.
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The little duck that could: Study finds endangered Hawaiian duck endures
New research has found that the genetic diversity of the koloa is high, and conservation efforts on the island of Kauai have been successful.
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Hot electrons harvested without tricks
Semiconductors convert energy from photons into an electron current. However, some photons carry too much energy for the material to absorb. These photons produce 'hot electrons', and the excess energy of these electrons is converted into heat. Materials scientists have been looking for ways to harvest this excess energy. Scientists have now shown that this may be easier than expected.
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Some Relief for Test Anxiety Is Found in an Unusual Treatment
Students were given placebos and told they were placebos, yet the intervention helped — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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With opioid overdoses on the rise, the U.S. should consider one proven safety measure: Giving people a safe place to do drugs
At safe injection sites, medical staff are on hand at all times to reverse overdoses or treat injection-related wounds like collapsed veins and soft tissue infections. Kensington, a Northeastern Philadelphia neighborhood is one of the largest East Coast narcotic markets for opioids. Walking down the area's main street, Kensington Avenue, it is impossible to ignore the impact of opioids. Carelessl
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Google Shakes Up Its 'TGIF'—and Ends Its Culture of Openness
Amid leaks and protests, CEO Sundar Pichai is drastically shrinking the company-wide meeting that was once a symbol of Google's idealism.
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DuckDuckGo Will Automatically Encrypt More Sites You Visit
If a site offers HTTPS, DuckDuckGo's Smarter Encryption will take you there.
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The Most Iconic Space Movies Get a Very Grounded Fact-Check
Astronaut Nicole Stott unpacks (and debunks) some of the more memorable Hollywood depictions of outer space.
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Image of the Day: Beetle Evolution
Plants, fungi, and bacteria likely contributed to insect diversity.
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Exoplanet axis study boosts hopes of complex life, just not next door
"They're out there," goes a saying about extraterrestrials. It would seem more likely to be true in light of a new study on planetary axis tilts.
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Some Relief for Test Anxiety Is Found in an Unusual Treatment
Students were given placebos and told they were placebos, yet the intervention helped — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Scientific Fraud in China
There is plenty of fraud and corruption in the world, even in the halls of science. No one has a monopoly. But there are some hot spots that deserve specific attention. Recently significant concerns have been raised about the published research of Xuetao Cao, a Chinese Immunologist. This story is newsworthy because Cao is not just any immunologist – he is also the President of Nankai University,
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Scientists develop a new method to detect light in the brain
The study marks the first instance of successfully using light to decode the activity of specific neuronal populations as well as manipulation of different brain regions with the use of an optical probe. The optical fibre is capable of capturing light from single neurons along regions as long as 2 millimetres (0.07 inches). The method enriches researchers' methodological repertoire and augments th
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Sony controller patent points to potential PS5 permutations
Images show missing light bar, potential microphone opening.
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Facebooks latest experiment is a meme creation app, Whale
Facebook's NPE Team, a division inside the social networking giant that will build experimental consumer-facing social apps, has now added a third app to its lineup with the launch of …
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Study measures impact of agriculture on diet of wild mammals
Margays (Leopardus wiedii), small wild cats living in forest areas fragmented by agriculture near Campinas and Botucatu in São Paulo State, Brazil, prey on animals inhabiting nearby sugarcane plantations such as birds and small rodents.
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Earth's magnetic song recorded for the first time during a solar storm
Data from ESA's Cluster mission has provided a recording of the eerie "song" that Earth sings when it is hit by a solar storm.
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A computer model has learned to detect prostate cancer
Scientists at the TSU Laboratory of Biophotonics, working with Tomsk National Research Medical Center (TNIMC) oncologists, have developed a new approach to the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, a malignant tumor of the prostate gland, that uses artificial intelligence to identify oncopathology and determine the stage of the disease. Using machine learning, a computer model was taught to distinguish bet
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Study measures impact of agriculture on diet of wild mammals
Margays (Leopardus wiedii), small wild cats living in forest areas fragmented by agriculture near Campinas and Botucatu in São Paulo State, Brazil, prey on animals inhabiting nearby sugarcane plantations such as birds and small rodents.
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When We Finally Find Aliens, They Might Smell Terrible
A better understanding of what gases to search for in exoplanet atmospheres is key to locating extraterrestrial life — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Stop the science training that demands 'don't ask'
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03527-y It's time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science, says Jerry Ravetz.
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America's Best Drug Dealers Are A-List Celebrities
Over the past two decades, Americans have proved willing to do lots of things at Martha Stewart's behest. They will decoupage. They will make their own holiday wreaths. They will boil pasta and tomatoes in the same pot, at the same time . Perhaps most important for Stewart, they will buy things with her name on them—bedding, cookware, magazines. Soon they might even buy Martha Stewart–branded wee
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Blasting lead with 160 lasers makes it incredibly strong, then explode
When lead is quickly brought to extremely high pressures using 160 laser beams, it suddenly becomes 250 times stronger – and then it explodes
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Renewables could cut power generation health impact by 80 percent. Models predicted current energy trends would see six million years of life lost globally to air pollution by 2050. If the next three decades are dominated by renewables, that figure drops to about one million.
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Amazon deforestation 'at highest level in a decade': The clearance rate – equivalent to about two football fields a minute – is the fastest since 2008, pushing Brazil far off course from reaching its Paris agreement goals to cut carbon emissions into the future.
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Lightweight fabric may protect against shark bites: Made up of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers (UHMWPE), scientists found that the new fabrics were more resistant to puncture, laceration, and bites from white sharks than standard neoprene.
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Tesla and EV companies join fight against US admin over California's clean air program. US administration is rolling back previously agreed-upon stricter emission regulations for the auto industry that would have forced automakers to produce more efficient vehicles, including electric cars.
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Tesla's big battery in South Australia just got 50% bigger. This will ensure South Australia can continue to harvest its world class wind and solar resources and support the transition to net 100% renewable energy generation in the 2030s, and further drive down electricity prices for all consumers.
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Bill Gates backs startup using sunlight to create 1,000C-plus heat – Heliogen uses mirrors to concentrate solar energy that can power heavy industry
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It's getting windier and that could be good news for renewable energy – It has been predicted that 7 percent of global electricity demand will be met using wind energy by 2024.
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FDA approves first contact lens that slows myopia progression
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"Biologically inspired" A.I can beat the world's strictest internet censorship – Geneva stands for "Genetic Evasion." This AI uses a kind of machine learning to automatically detect bugs and gaps in a country's censorship system so the user can view uncensored content.
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Baby Jumping Spiders See Surprisingly Well
Young arachnids may see the world in as much detail as adults — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Can Fake Horns Save the Rhino? That's … Extremely Thorny
Scientists can now flood the black market for rhino horns with horsehair fakes. Conservationists, however, have serious concerns.
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When We Finally Find Aliens, They Might Smell Terrible
A better understanding of what gases to search for in exoplanet atmospheres is key to locating extraterrestrial life — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Medie: Interpol vil have flere bagdøre i it-tjenester
Interpol er på trapperne med et forslag, der taler for at indføre flere bagdøre i it-tjenester, skriver nyhedsbureauet Reuters.
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How to expand and contract curved surfaces of all shapes
Researchers at TU Delft's department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering (PME) have designed a dilation method that can be applied to any curved surface. This universal method may have a range of applications, including medical braces for children, expandable furniture or aortic stents. The method was published in Nature Communications on 15 November 2019.
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Renewables could cut power generation health impact by 80 percent
Switching to renewables could cut the health impacts of air pollution from power generation as much as 80 percent by mid-century, experts said Tuesday.
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Targeting Gut Microbes May Help Stroke Recovery
Growing evidence from mouse studies suggests that a healthy microbiome might improve poststroke outcomes — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Targeting Gut Microbes May Help Stroke Recovery
Growing evidence from mouse studies suggests that a healthy microbiome might improve poststroke outcomes — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Baby Jumping Spiders See Surprisingly Well
Young arachnids may see the world in as much detail as adults — Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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How stigma subverts public health
Nature, Published online: 19 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03531-2 A hard-hitting study exposes the devastating effects of shame and discrimination. Julie Pulerwitz reviews.
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Pensionsfusion mellem ingeniører og jurister godkendt
PLUS. P+ er den nye pensionskasse for civilingeniører. Diplomingeniører i ISP har netop skiftet administrationsselskab og ønsker ikke at træffe en beslutning om at tilslutte sig P+, før årsregnskabet for 2020 er klar.
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As Tropical Rainforests Disappear, So Do Potential Medicine Reservoirs
Plants are a rich source of compounds that may prove to have medicinal properties or serve as building blocks for new drugs to treat conditions like high cholesterol, cancer, and even viruses like Ebola. But as tropical rainforests are lost to fires and clearing, so too are diverse, unstudied plants species.
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Trying to help parents decide to vaccinate kids against HPV? Consider storytelling
Health campaigns on social media aimed at increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination may see greater success, according to Drexel University researchers, if they inject a narrative into information-based posts.
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Logjams aren't really jammed at all, say geoscientists
The first study of the way logs become pinned in rivers reveals that those seemingly trapped in a logjam move steadily, if slowly, downriver.
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Scientists have found 142 more ancient etchings in Peru. Now AI will speed up the hunt.
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As Climate Risk Grows, Cities Test a Tough Strategy: Saying 'No' to Developers
A fight in Virginia Beach demonstrates the hard choices cities face when the pressure for new homes collides with the rising toll of natural disasters.
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Science Was Her Lifeline. Now She Helps Other Girls Discover It.
The STEM summer camp that Sabina London began in high school has grown to serve 17 states.
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Will Science Ever Give Us a Better Night's Sleep?
Unraveling the mysteries of sleep might depend on studying the genes of people who don't get much.
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To amerikanere anholdt for at stjæle 3,5 millioner kroner med sim-swapping
Der er gode penge at hente for kriminelle, hvis det lykkes dem at stjæle kontrollen over andres telefonnumre. Det vidner en ny sag fra USA om. Version2 har flere gange bevist, at denne type angreb er nemme at udføre i Danmark.
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The GOP Appointees Who Defied the President
"America hired @realDonaldTrump to fire people like the first three witnesses we've seen," Donald Trump Jr. tweeted Friday. "Career government bureaucrats and nothing more." It was the second day of the House Intelligence Committee's impeachment hearings, and Marie Yovanovitch, a career diplomat who had served as the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, had been called to testify about how the president's
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How Conservatives Turned the 'Color-Blind Constitution' Against Racial Progress
At the core of many of America's most heated debates—affirmative action, voting rights, reparations—is an unsettled question the nation has wrestled with for nearly two centuries: Does the Constitution care about race? Or, put another way, is the Constitution color-blind? Supreme Court justices have weighed in frequently, perhaps most famously in John Marshall Harlan's renowned dissent in Plessy
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The Repurposing of the American Jail
Like many other correctional professionals, Sheriff Craig Apple of Albany County, New York, was initially suspicious of using drugs to treat drug addiction. He was considering the merits of introducing buprenorphine and methadone—two drugs used to treat opioid-use disorder—into the county's main jail facility, and wasn't sure he should, given that those drugs can become valuable and dangerous con
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The Common Element Uniting Worldwide Protests
"A leader is best when people barely know he exists," Lao Tzu, the ancient Chinese philosopher and founder of Taoism, is thought to have said. "When his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say: 'We did it ourselves.''' But what if a leader doesn't exist at all? Around the world, leaderless protest movements have emerged, drawing tens of thousands (and, in some cases , millions) of people t
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Why Everyone Should Sleep Alone
T he bedroom can seem to contain the heart of a marriage. In the 2012 Judd Apatow movie This Is 40 , the epicenter of marital tension is the bedroom of the onscreen couple, played by Paul Rudd and Leslie Mann. Pete and Debbie are as comely as their Los Angeles home, but the couple flirt with divorce fantasies more than with each other. Debbie mourns a loss of mystery; Pete craves independence. Of
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Every Startup Needs to Prepare for Its Downfall
Silicon Valley lives in denial, so nobody plans for the inevitable.
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Wish List 2019: 52 Amazing Gift Ideas You'll Want to Keep for Yourself
The best gadgets and gear for all your family, friends, and unindicted co-conspirators.
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What It Takes to Turn a Vintage F-16 Into a Drone
The US Air Force is resurrecting old fighter jets from a boneyard in Arizona as moving targets for live-fire exercises in the Gulf of Mexico.
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The Pride and Prejudice of Online Fan Culture
Why 'Star Trek' and 'Game of Thrones' nerds owe a debt to Jane Austen obsessives.
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BioNyt Videnskabens Verden (www.bionyt.dk) er Danmarks ældste populærvidenskabelige tidsskrift for naturvidenskab. Det er det eneste blad af sin art i Danmark, som er helliget international forskning inden for livsvidenskaberne.
Bladet bringer aktuelle, spændende forskningsnyheder inden for biologi, medicin og andre naturvidenskabelige områder som f.eks. klimaændringer, nanoteknologi, partikelfysik, astronomi, seksualitet, biologiske våben, ecstasy, evolutionsbiologi, kloning, fedme, søvnforskning, muligheden for liv på mars, influenzaepidemier, livets opståen osv.
Artiklerne roses for at gøre vanskeligt stof forståeligt, uden at den videnskabelige holdbarhed tabes.
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