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Aerosol-cloud-climate cooling overestimated by ship-track data
The effect of anthropogenic aerosol on the reflectivity of stratocumulus cloud decks through changes in cloud amount is a major uncertainty in climate projections. In frequently occurring nonprecipitating stratocumulus, cloud amount can decrease through aerosol-enhanced cloud-top mixing. The climatological relevance of this effect is debated because ship exhaust only marginally reduces stratocumu
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Sub-7-femtosecond conical-intersection dynamics probed at the carbon K-edge
Conical intersections allow electronically excited molecules to return to their electronic ground state. Here, we observe the fastest electronic relaxation dynamics measured to date by extending attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) to the carbon K-edge. We selectively launch wave packets in the two lowest electronic states (D 0 and D 1 ) of C 2 H 4 + . The electronic D 1 -> D 0 rel
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Unipolar stroke, electroosmotic pump carbon nanotube yarn muscles
Success in making artificial muscles that are faster and more powerful and that provide larger strokes would expand their applications. Electrochemical carbon nanotube yarn muscles are of special interest because of their relatively high energy conversion efficiencies. However, they are bipolar, meaning that they do not monotonically expand or contract over the available potential range. This lim
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Reversible disorder-order transitions in atomic crystal nucleation
Nucleation in atomic crystallization remains poorly understood, despite advances in classical nucleation theory. The nucleation process has been described to involve a nonclassical mechanism that includes a spontaneous transition from disordered to crystalline states, but a detailed understanding of dynamics requires further investigation. In situ electron microscopy of heterogeneous nucleation o
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Cultural transmission of vocal dialect in the naked mole-rat
Naked mole-rats ( Heterocephalus glaber ) form some of the most cooperative groups in the animal kingdom, living in multigenerational colonies under the control of a single breeding queen. Yet how they maintain this highly organized social structure is unknown. Here we show that the most common naked mole-rat vocalization, the soft chirp, is used to transmit information about group membership, cr
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Merging shuttle reactions and paired electrolysis for reversible vicinal dihalogenations
Vicinal dibromides and dichlorides are important commodity chemicals and indispensable synthetic intermediates in modern chemistry that are traditionally synthesized using hazardous elemental chlorine and bromine. Meanwhile, the environmental persistence of halogenated pollutants necessitates improved approaches to accelerate their remediation. Here, we introduce an electrochemically assisted shu
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Recent migration of tropical cyclones toward coasts
Poleward migrations of tropical cyclones have been observed globally, but their impact on coastal areas remains unclear. We investigated the change in global tropical cyclone activity in coastal regions over the period 1982–2018. We found that the distance of tropical cyclone maximum intensity to land has decreased by about 30 kilometers per decade, and that the annual frequency of global tropica
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In situ manipulation of the active Au-TiO2 interface with atomic precision during CO oxidation
The interface between metal catalyst and support plays a critical role in heterogeneous catalysis. An epitaxial interface is generally considered to be rigid, and tuning its intrinsic microstructure with atomic precision during catalytic reactions is challenging. Using aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy, we studied the interface between gold (Au) and a titanium di
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MAIT cell activation augments adenovirus vector vaccine immunogenicity
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate sensors of viruses and can augment early immune responses and contribute to protection. We hypothesized that MAIT cells may have inherent adjuvant activity in vaccine platforms that use replication-incompetent adenovirus vectors. In mice and humans, ChAdOx1 (chimpanzee adenovirus Ox1) immunization robustly activated MAIT cells. Activation req
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Early plant organics increased global terrestrial mud deposition through enhanced flocculation
An irreversible increase in alluvial mudrock occurred with the Ordovician-Silurian evolution of bryophytes, challenging a paradigm that deep-rooted plants were responsible for this landscape shift. We tested the idea that increased primary production and plant organics promoted aggregation of clay into flocs in rivers and facilitated mud deposition on floodplains. In experiments, we observed that
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Miniaturization of optical spectrometers
Spectroscopic analysis is one of the most widely used analytical tools in scientific research and industry. Although laboratory benchtop spectrometer systems offer superlative resolution and spectral range, their miniaturization is crucial for applications where portability is paramount or where in situ measurements must be made. Advancement in this field over the past three decades is now yieldi
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Human NLRP1 is a sensor for double-stranded RNA
Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors of pathogen infection or cellular perturbation and thereby play a central role in numerous diseases. Given the high abundance of NLRP1 in epithelial barrier tissues, we screened a diverse panel of viruses for inflammasome activation in keratinocytes. We identified Semliki Forest virus (SFV), a positive-strand RNA virus, as a potent activator of huma
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Expansion sequencing: Spatially precise in situ transcriptomics in intact biological systems
Methods for highly multiplexed RNA imaging are limited in spatial resolution and thus in their ability to localize transcripts to nanoscale and subcellular compartments. We adapt expansion microscopy, which physically expands biological specimens, for long-read untargeted and targeted in situ RNA sequencing. We applied untargeted expansion sequencing (ExSeq) to the mouse brain, which yielded the
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Postnatal connectomic development of inhibition in mouse barrel cortex
Brain circuits in the neocortex develop from diverse types of neurons that migrate and form synapses. Here we quantify the circuit patterns of synaptogenesis for inhibitory interneurons in the developing mouse somatosensory cortex. We studied synaptic innervation of cell bodies, apical dendrites, and axon initial segments using three-dimensional electron microscopy focusing on the first 4 weeks p
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Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength
Treatments are lacking for sarcopenia, a debilitating age-related skeletal muscle wasting syndrome. We identifed increased amounts of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 )–degrading enzyme, as a hallmark of aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. The consequent reduction in PGE 2 signaling contributed to muscle atrophy in aged mice and results from 15-PG
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The Tesla Model S 'Plaid' will go from 0-60 with record-breaking acceleration
The steering wheel on the new Tesla Model S resembles an airliner's yoke. (Tesla/) After years of waiting and rumors, Tesla fans were rewarded yesterday with an announcement from Elon Musk about an insanely speedy new version of the company's Model S sedan. And the news came with big promises, as Tesla updates usually do: The top-end "Plaid" editions will be able to rocket from 0 to 60 in 1.99 se
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Aerosol particles cool the climate less than we thought
The impact of atmospheric aerosols on clouds and climate may be different than previously thought. That is the conclusion of cloud researcher Franziska Glassmeier from TU Delft. The results of her study will be published in Science on Friday, January 29th.
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Naked mole rats speak in dialect
Some people converse in Creole, while others speak Scots, but it's not only humans who can be identified by the diversity of language they speak. Naked mole-rats have their own dialects, too. Shared dialect also strengthens cohesion within a colony, a team led by MDC researcher Gary Lewin reports in Science.
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Scientists capture the moments of nascent crystal formation and growth
Conversion of most materials into organized crystalline structure starts with the nucleation process. One everyday example is the rapid crystalization of supercooled water after the nucleation of a seed crystal. This phenomenon has perplexed scientists and ordinary people alike. The nucleation process, in which the atoms gather and form the smallest crystals, has been an important scientific pheno
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Researchers reveal in-situ manipulation of active gold-titanium dioxide interface
An international joint research team from the Shanghai Advanced Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, along with Zhejiang University and the Technical University of Denmark, reported an in-situ strategy to manipulate interfacial structure with atomic precision during catalytic reactions. Results were published in the latest issue of Science.
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Attacks on science rival COVID-19 as a public health threat
As public health experts feared, COVID-19 cases and deaths surged in the US following the Thanksgiving holiday, when millions of Americans ignored pleas to forego traditional gatherings. In a new Essay published 28th January in the open-access journal PLOS Biology, "Anti-science kills: from Soviet embrace of pseudoscience to accelerated attacks on US biomedicine," vaccine and infectious disease ex
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Researchers create powerful unipolar carbon nanotube muscles
For more than 15 years, researchers at The University of Texas at Dallas and their collaborators in the U.S., Australia, South Korea and China have fabricated artificial muscles by twisting and coiling carbon nanotube or polymer yarns. When thermally powered, these muscles actuate by contracting their length when heated and returning to their initial length when cooled. Such thermally driven artif
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Sleep cycles change with the moon's phase
On nights before a full moon, people go to bed later and sleep less, a new study shows. In the new paper, researchers report that sleep cycles in people oscillate during the 29.5-day lunar cycle: In the days leading up to a full moon, people go to sleep later in the evening and sleep for shorter periods of time. The researchers observed these variations in both the time of sleep onset and the dur
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'An Awful Mistake' Might Soon Be Fixed—Finally
Benjamine Spencer at the H. H. Coffield Unit (Nathan Bajar) Every morning , long before dawn, Benjamine Spencer slips out of his bunk, dresses quietly in his white uniform, and heads to his job. He tiptoes so as not to wake up the 110 men in his dorm room—men who have been convicted of murder, rape, drug trafficking, and other violent crimes—in one of the most dangerous maximum-security prisons i
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Lasing mechanism found in water droplets
Tiny molecular forces at the surface of water droplets can play a big role in laser output emissions. As the most fundamental matrix of life, water drives numerous essential biological activities, through interactions with biomolecules and organisms. Studying the mechanical effects of water-involved interactions contributes to the understanding of biochemical processes. According to Yu-Cheng Chen,
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AERA and Spencer Foundation release report on the COVID-19 impact on early career scholars
AERA and the Spencer Foundation have released a report, Voices from the Field: The Impact of COVID-19 on Early Career Scholars and Doctoral Students, that shares findings from focus groups conducted in spring 2020. The report, available on the AERA and Spencer websites, is part of an ongoing initiative by the two organizations to assess the pressing needs facing scholars and doctoral students duri
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SpaceX Aims to Launch Starship on Day That Honors Dead Astronauts
Memento Mori As SpaceX prepares to launch the latest experimental prototype of its Starship prototype, its employees are paying tribute to history's fallen astronauts who lost their lives to the immense dangers of space travel. That's because today is NASA's Day of Remembrance , which the space agency uses to honor those who died during space travel accidents. "We're getting ready for flight of S
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The Hard Lessons of Modeling the Coronavirus Pandemic
For a few months last year, Nigel Goldenfeld and Sergei Maslov , a pair of physicists at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, were unlikely celebrities in their state's COVID-19 pandemic response — that is, until everything went wrong. Their typical areas of research include building models for condensed matter physics, viral evolution and population dynamics, not epidemiology or public
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Successful test paves way for new planetary radar
The National Science Foundation's Green Bank Observatory (GBO) and National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), and Raytheon Intelligence & Space conducted a test in November to prove that a new radio telescope system can capture high-resolution images in near-Earth space.
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Nya tag för 2021
Under senaste veckan har medlemsavierna för 2021 skickats ut. Utskicken har gjorts elekroniskt för E-medlemmar och via post för övriga. Vi är förstås tacksamma för alla som byter till E-medlemskap, … Continued Inlägget dök först upp på Vetenskap och Folkbildning .
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Twitter turns to the hive mind for moderation via its Birdwatch program
Birdwatch is a new effort by Twitter to crowdsource content moderation. Still in testing, volunteers can comment on tweets they find problematic. Reactions to the new experiment are predictably colorful and bird-brained. Twitter is experimenting with a new community-moderation system that puts users in the position of keeping other users honest. It's a system that's not completely different from
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Why has Germany advised against Oxford/AstraZeneca jab for over-65s?
Explainer: Move attributed to 'insufficient data' but experts say no evidence vaccine doesn't work Coronavirus – latest updates See all our coronavirus coverage German authorities have advised that the Oxford/AstraZeneca jab should not be given to those aged 65 or above. We take a look at why, and what experts make of it. Why has Germany advised the Oxford/AstraZeneca jab should only be used in a
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Reddit Co-Founder: Wall Street Bets Is a "Revolution"
Hive Mind The Reddit community of investing enthusiasts known as Wall Street Bets burst into the mainstream this week when their coordinated actions led the value of stock in the retail chain GameStop to shoot up by nearly 2,000 percent. Whether the chaos represents rational thinking by economic outsiders or harmful groupthink that will result in financial ruin is a topic of intense debate . But
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Mechanism for how pancreatic cancer evades immunotherapy elucidated
Pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal of all cancers, is capable of evading attacks by immune cells by changing its microenvironment so that the immune cells suppress, rather than support, an attack on the tumor. The scientists also found that that some of the mediators of this suppressive response, including a protein called STAT1, represent potential therapeutic targets that could be used to
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New study unravels Darwin's 'abominable mystery' surrounding origin of flowering plants
The origin of flowering plants famously puzzled Charles Darwin, who described their sudden appearance in the fossil record from relatively recent geological times as an "abominable mystery". This mystery has further deepened with an inexplicable discrepancy between the relatively recent fossil record and a much older time of origin of flowering plants estimated using genome data.
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New study unravels Darwin's 'abominable mystery' surrounding origin of flowering plants
The origin of flowering plants famously puzzled Charles Darwin, who described their sudden appearance in the fossil record from relatively recent geological times as an "abominable mystery". This mystery has further deepened with an inexplicable discrepancy between the relatively recent fossil record and a much older time of origin of flowering plants estimated using genome data.
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How to battle the Covid lies that are costing lives
Dave Wieberg , Jeff Wallace and Gary Bennett respond to George Monbiot's call for a clampdown on Covid misinformation George Monbiot's Sage-type panel of experts – which he would like to see "identifying claims that present a genuine danger to life and proposing their temporary prohibition to parliament" – would almost certainly be counterproductive, and be a godsend to conspiracy-mongers ( Covid
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1 in 3 adults are anxious or depressed due to COVID-19
One in three adults are experiencing anxiety and depression related to COVID-19, a new study shows. The finding is particularly true for women, younger adults, and those of lower socioeconomic status, the researchers report. COVID-19 continues to pose serious threats to public health worldwide, and interventions such as lockdowns, quarantine, and social distancing are having an adverse impact on
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The Biggest Decision Democrats Face
N o decision facing Democrats over the next two years will shape the long-term political competition between the parties more than whether they end the Senate filibuster to pass their agenda to reform elections and expand access to the vote. The party's immediate political fate in the 2022 and 2024 elections is likely to turn mostly on whether Joe Biden can successfully control the coronavirus ou
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Genetic analysis of symptoms yields new insights into PTSD
A new study led by researchers at Yale and the University of California-San Diego (UCSD) uncovers intriguing genetic similarities between PTSD and other mental health disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The findings also suggest that existing drugs commonly used for other disorders might be modified to help treat individual symptoms of multiple disorders.
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Harnessing the power of AI to understand warm dense matter
The study of warm dense matter helps us understand what is going on inside giant planets, brown dwarfs, and neutron stars. However, this state of matter does not occur naturally on Earth. It can be produced artificially in the lab using large X-ray experiments. Models are essential to evaluate these experiments. Scientists from CASUS at HZDR have now developed a method to evaluate such experiments
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Lasing mechanism found in water droplets
As reported in Advanced Photonics, Chen's NTU team recently discovered that when a water droplet interacts with a surface to form a contact angle, the interfacial molecular forces determine the geometry of a droplet resonator. Dramatic mechanical changes at the interface play a significant role in the optical oscillation of droplet resonators.
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'Be a man': Why some men respond aggressively to threats to manhood
When their manhood is threatened, some men respond more aggressively than others. New research from Duke University suggests who may be most triggered by such threats – younger men whose sense of masculinity depends heavily on other people's opinions. "The more social pressure a man feels to be masculine, the more aggressive he may be," said Adam Stanaland, a Ph.D. candidate in psychology and publ
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New research finds severity of COVID-19 determines likelihood of pregnancy complications
Researchers will unveil findings that suggest that pregnant women who become severely or critically ill due to COVID-19 are at greater risk of dying and experiencing serious pregnancy complications compared to pregnant women who have COVID-19 but were asymptomatic, or without symptoms. In contrast, pregnant women with mild or moderate illness were not at higher risk of pregnancy complications than
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Vibrations from trains could help seismologists peer underground
Trains produce a lot of noise, and seismologists love that. (Pixabay/) Looking underground is an understated business. Understanding what lies beneath our feet is crucial for everything from searching for minerals to predicting earthquakes. In their quest to find better ways of peering under the surface, scientists have turned to a unique source: trains. Moving trains send seismic waves into the
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Remnants of mosque from earliest decades of Islam found in Israel
Archaeologists say foundations excavated in Tiberias are of a mosque built in about AD670 Archaeologists in Israel say they have discovered the remnants of an early mosque believed to date to the earliest decades of Islam during an excavation in the northern city of Tiberias. The foundations of the mosque, excavated just south of the Sea of Galilee by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, point to
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NASA Finalizing Location for Artemis Base Camp
Open House As NASA prepares to launch its Artemis missions, bringing human crewmembers to the Moon and setting up a long-term base camp on the lunar surface, it's still hunting for an ideal landing spot. The proper location to touch down and set up shop needs to have perfect conditions — including sunlight, open space, shielding, and perhaps even access to water, NASA explains . Many areas near t
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Welcome Back, Denzel
For the past few years, American cinema has been deprived of one of its most dependable assets— Denzel Washington . Since he earned his ninth Oscar nomination, for the interesting but underseen 2017 drama Roman J. Israel, Esq. , the biggest superstar of his generation has largely been missing from Hollywood. (His only other recent credit is the disappointing 2018 sequel The Equalizer 2 ). So when
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Decline in grazing practices threatens the existence of a Basque cheese
The multidisciplinary research group Lactiker – Quality and Safety of Foods from Animal Origin, which is attached to the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), is working on (among other things) characterizing the biochemical, microbiological and technological processes involved in cheese manufacturing that have a direct impact on its technological, nutritional and sensory quality, as well as
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Scientists find key function of molecule in cells crucial for regulating immunity
UNC School of Medicine scientists led by Jenny Ting, PhD, the William Kenan Distinguished Professor of Genetics, and Yisong Wan, PhD, professor of microbiology and immunology, discovered that AIM2 is important for the proper function of regulatory T cells, or Treg cells, and plays a key role in mitigating autoimmune disease. Treg cells are a seminal population of adaptive immune cells that prevent
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Malaria threw human evolution into overdrive on this African archipelago
Malaria is an ancient scourge, but it's still leaving its mark on the human genome. And now, researchers have uncovered recent traces of adaptation to malaria in the islanders of Cabo Verde — thanks to a genetic mutation, inherited from their African ancestors, that prevents a type of malaria parasite from invading red blood cells. The findings represent one of the speediest, most dramatic change
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New IOF position paper urges routine use of DXA-VFA in fracture liaison services
A new position paper by an International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) Fracture Working Group reviews the clinical significance of vertebral fractures, and the rationale for performing vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) routinely within post-fracture care coordination programs such as fracture liaison services (FLS). VFA is a tool available on modern DXA scanners which allows the detection of pre
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First study to look at potency of maternal antibodies
In a new study to be presented today at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's (SMFM) annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting™, researchers will unveil findings that suggest that women who contract COVID-19 during pregnancy are able to make antibodies, but that transfer of these antibodies to their infants is less than expected.
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Research illuminates lobsters' genetic response to changing climate
The American lobster, which supports the most valuable fishery in North America, may be more susceptible to the effects of climate change than previously thought, according to a new study published in Ecology and Evolution. This finding could help fishery managers anticipate the long-term effects of climate change for one the nation's most precious natural resources.
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Research illuminates lobsters' genetic response to changing climate
The American lobster, which supports the most valuable fishery in North America, may be more susceptible to the effects of climate change than previously thought, according to a new study published in Ecology and Evolution. This finding could help fishery managers anticipate the long-term effects of climate change for one the nation's most precious natural resources.
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Mayafolkets vattenrening
Alltsedan jag under mitt kringflackande i Mexiko på 1950-talet besökte olika maya-ruinstäder, har jag varit fascinerad av mayakulturen. Det har framförts olika teorier om vad som orsakade dess nedgång vid slutet av 800-talet e.Kr.: Torka, överbefolkning, miljöförorening, avskogning, krig. Vulkanutbrott tillförde näring till åkrarna, men kunde också resultera i katastrof genom förorening av vattent
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When active substance and target protein 'embrace' each other
Many anti-cancer drugs block signals in cancer cells that help degenerated cells to multiply uncontrollably and detach from tissue. For example, blocking the signaling protein FAK, a so-called kinase, causes breast cancer cells to become less mobile and thus less likely to metastasise. The problem is that when FAK is blocked by an inhibitor, the closely related signaling protein PYK2 becomes much
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When active substance and target protein 'embrace' each other
Many anti-cancer drugs block signals in cancer cells that help degenerated cells to multiply uncontrollably and detach from tissue. For example, blocking the signaling protein FAK, a so-called kinase, causes breast cancer cells to become less mobile and thus less likely to metastasise. The problem is that when FAK is blocked by an inhibitor, the closely related signaling protein PYK2 becomes much
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The Whole, Messy, Ridiculous GameStop Saga in One Sentence
If you want it in a sentence, I guess it goes something like this: The GameStop saga is a ludicrous stock mania born of pandemic boredom and FOMO, piggybacking off of a clever Reddit revenge plot, which targeted hedge funds, who made a reckless bet on a struggling retailer—and it's going to end with lots of people losing incredible amounts of money. Got that? Maybe not. So let's start at the begi
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Dramatic drop in Covid cases gives India hope of return to normal life
Swimming pools, cinemas and theatres to be allowed to operate at full capacity from 1 February India's health minister, Harsh Vardhan, has claimed it has "successfully contained the pandemic" and "flattened its Covid-19 graph" as the country of 1.34 billion people reported just 12,000 new cases in the past 24 hours – a stark contrast to the 90,000 cases a day being reported in September. With mor
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Scientists discover how remdesivir works to inhibit coronavirus
By pinning down the exact mechanism by which remdesivir shuts down SARS-CoV-2's process of copying genetic material, scientists now have clues to make even more effective antivirals to fight COVID-19. Better antivirals could become urgently needed if new strains of the virus have the ability to overcome current antivirals and vaccines. They could also help in future outbreaks if entirely new coron
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The decline in grazing practices threatens the existence of a Basque cheese
Of the many different research projects in which Lactiker is involved, of particular interest is its work on the Idiazabal cheese production process, which is based on grazing. The group works with small artisan dairies, as well as with the Protected Designation of Origin; it attaches great importance to sharing its knowledge with the industry and carries out studies designed to improve yield, qua
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Study details N439K variant of SARS-CoV-2
An international team of researchers has characterized the effect and molecular mechanisms of an amino acid change in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein N439K. Viruses with this mutation are both common and rapidly spreading around the globe. The peer reviewed version of the study appears January 25 in the journal Cell.
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Research illuminates lobsters' genetic response to changing climate
The American lobster, which supports the most valuable fishery in North America, may be more susceptible to climate change than previously thought. Studies of the early life stages of lobsters have concluded that ocean acidification, compared to warming, had limited impact on growth and metabolism. According to new research, their genes tell a different story, which could help anticipate the long-
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Pharmaceutical research: when active substance and target protein 'embrace' each other
Scientists at Goethe University Frankfurt, together with colleagues from Darmstadt, Heidelberg, Oxford and Dundee (UK), have investigated how the fit of potent inhibitors to their binding sites can be optimised so that they engage longer with their target proteins. Long target residency has been associated with more efficient pharmacological responses e.g. in cancer therapy. In future, the researc
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Tesla Revamps Model S Sedan Inside and Out, Adds 520-Mile Version
Tesla has unveiled its biggest update to its Model S sedan since its unveiling in 2009 and launch in 2012. That's normally an eternity for production cars, although a few have gone longer recently (see: Dodge Challenger and Charger, Nissan Frontier) and Tesla has been able to update the Model S with software tweaks more than other automakers. This time, though, the refresh is significant outside
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Efficient fluorescent materials and OLEDs for the NIR
Near-infrared emitters (NIR) will be of crucial importance for a variety of biomedical, security and defense applications, as well as for (in)visible light communications and the internet-of-things (IoT). Researchers from the UK and Italy have developed porphyrin oligomer NIR emitters which afford high efficiencies despite being totally free from heavy metals. They demonstrated organic light-emitt
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Food export restrictions by a few countries could skyrocket global food crop prices
Recent events such as the Covid-19 pandemic, locust infestations, drought and labor shortages have disrupted food supply chains, endangering food security in the process. A recent study published in Nature Food shows that trade restrictions and stockpiling of supplies by a few key countries could create global food price spikes and severe local food shortages during times of threat.
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An efficient tool to link X-ray experiments and ab initio theory
Molecules consisting of many atoms are complex structures. The outer electrons are distributed among the different orbitals, and their shape and occupation determine the chemical behavior and reactivity of the molecule. The configuration of these orbitals can be analyzed experimentally. Synchrotron sources such as BESSY II provide a method for this purpose: Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIX
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Crowdfunding? Check the weather forecast first!
Investors' moods are affected by gloomy weather. New research from Copenhagen Business School recommends entrepreneurs looking for finance should be aware of the weather forecast at the time they want to launch their crowdfunding campaigns.
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How a cancer drug carrier's structure can help selectively target cancer cells
Porphyrins are interesting drug delivery vehicles that can specifically accumulate in cancer cells. However, how the structure of the drug-conjugated porphyrin affects its ability to penetrate and accumulate within cancer cells is not well understood. Researchers from Tokyo University of Science now investigate the correlation between the structure and tumor accumulation of porphyrin derivatives.
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George Mason University expands testing and tracking behind faculty research
George Mason University announces it is introducing a rapid-result, saliva-based COVID-19 test that will greatly expand testing capabilities on its campuses this spring. The effort, led by Mason's faculty, is part of a comprehensive program to better track and control the virus on campus. Mason scientists, who are pushing the boundaries of technologies that are keeping Mason's campuses safe, are d
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New AI-severity score COVID-19 integrating CT images published to Nature Communications
Owkin, a French-American startup pioneering AI and Federated Learning in medical research, has been focusing it's COVID-19 research efforts on aspects of the pandemic that still require much public health attention, despite the arrival of an effective vaccine. Efforts to support frontline health systems as they devote their resources to the influx of COVID-19 related hospitalizations, have resulte
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Därför blir du deppig med inflammation i kroppen
Forskare i Linköping tror att svar från hjärnans egen immuncell, mikroglia, ligger bakom nedstämdhet och obehagskänslor vid förkylning och annan inflammation i kroppen. Sak samma vid Parkinson, stroke och Alzheimers. Och kanske kan det också på sikt bli möjligt att behandla depression via just den cellen. David Engbloms forskargrupp vid Linköpings universitet har under många år forskat på varför
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Sundhedspolitikere klar til at se på handlingsplan for øjenpatienter
Sundhedsordførerne fra de radikale, SF, DF og konservative er enige i, at det er uholdbart, at øjenpatienter risikerer at blive blinde, mens de venter på behandling. Mens SF og de radikale ønsker en differentieret behandlingsgaranti, foreslår DF, at en akut øjensygdom som våd AMD får prædikat af livstruende, fordi den truer patientens livskvalitet. Det kom frem på Øjenforeningens konference onsda
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Food export restrictions by a few countries could skyrocket global food crop prices
Recent events such as the Covid-19 pandemic, locust infestations, drought and labour shortages have disrupted food supply chains, endangering food security in the process. A recent study published in Nature Food shows that trade restrictions and stockpiling of supplies by a few key countries could create global food price spikes and severe local food shortages during times of threat.
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An efficient tool to link X-ray experiments and ab initio theory
The electronic structure of complex molecules and their chemical reactivity can be assessed by the method of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at BESSY II. However, the evaluation of RIXS data has so far required very long computing times. A team at BESSY II has now developed a new simulation method that greatly accelerates this evaluation. The results can even be calculated during the ex
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Machine-learning to predict the performance of organic solar cells
Researchers from the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) specialized in Artificial Intelligence have collaborated with researchers from Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, specialized on materials for energy applications, to combine the experimental data points that they gather with artificial intelligence algorithms and enable an unprecedented predicting capability of the performance of o
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Acid rain is yesterday's news? Sulfate in freshwaters remains a problem
Acid rain seems to be a thing of the past, yet sulfate continues to rise in many inland waters worldwide. Researchers led by the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) and the Danish University of Aarhus provide an overview of the sources of sulfate and its effects on freshwater ecosystems. They point out that the negative consequences for ecosystems and drinking water
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Ecologists conduct a novel study on vegetation transpiration from a global network of 251 sites
An ecologist from RUDN University together with colleagues from 14 countries compared three methods for estimating ecosystem transpiration in a study. In the first ever research with such a comprehensive data-set, the team used land-atmosphere water vapor flux data of collected at 251 locations all over the planet, from Australia to Greenland. The outcome of the research help to understand the rol
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New treatment helps patients with a spinal cord injury
Spinal cord injuries disrupt the mechanism by which our bodies regulate blood pressure. A team of Swiss and Canadian scientists have developed a treatment that allows patients to regain control of their blood pressure, using targeted electrical spinal-cord stimulation. No medication is required. The team's findings were published today in Nature.
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Link between dual sensory loss and depression
People with combined vision and hearing loss are nearly four times more likely to experience depression and more than three times more likely to suffer chronic anxiety, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology and led by Anglia Ruskin University (ARU).
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Neural network has learned to identify tree species
Skoltech scientists have developed an algorithm that can identify various tree species in satellite images. Commercial forest taxation providers and their end-users, including timber procurers and processors and forest industry entities, can use the new technology for quantitative and qualitative assessment of wood resources in leased areas. Also, this solution enables quick evaluations of underde
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New ion trap to create the world's most accurate mass spectrometer
Mass spectrometers are widely used to analyze highly complex chemical and biological mixtures. Skoltech scientists have developed a new version of a mass spectrometer that uses rotation frequencies of ionized molecules in strong magnetic fields to measure masses with higher accuracy (FT ICR). The team has designed an ion trap that ensures the utmost resolving power in ultra-strong magnetic fields.
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Efficient fluorescent materials and OLEDs for the NIR
Near-infrared emitters (NIR) will be of crucial importance for a variety of biomedical, security and defence applications, as well as for (in)visible light communications and the internet-of-things (IoT). Researchers from the UK and Italy have developed porphyrin oligomer NIR emitters which afford high efficiencies despite being totally free from heavy metals. They demonstrated organic light-emitt
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Sleep disorders: Patients often underestimate their total sleep time
People with sleep disorders commonly have a misperception about their actual sleep behaviour. A research group from MedUni Vienna's Department of Neurology analysed polysomnography results to identify the types of sleep disorder that are associated with a discrepancy between self-reported and objective sleep parameters and whether there are any factors that influence this. The main finding: irresp
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Study reveals cause of common Zika virus birth defect
CLEVELAND – Cleveland Clinic researchers have described for the first time how Zika virus (ZIKV) causes one of the most common birth defects associated with prenatal infection, called brain calcification, according to new study findings published in Nature Microbiology .The findings may reveal novel strategies to prevent prenatal ZIKV brain calcification and offer important insights into how calci
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How evolution can change science for the better
Researchers have developed a new model to better understand the challenges facing the scientific process and how we can make it better. They focused on the "priority rule": the tendency for the first scientist to document a finding to be disproportionately rewarded with prestige, prizes and career opportunities while those in second place get little to no recognition.
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Reforming the 'scoop' system that hurts science
Science is society's best method for understanding the world, yet many people in the field are unhappy with the way it works. Rules meant to promote innovative research have perverse side-effects that harm science and scientists. One of these – the 'priority rule' – rewards scientists who make discoveries disproportionately. Researchers at University of Technology Eindhoven and the Arizona State U
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X-Ray tomography lets researchers watch solid-state batteries charge, discharge
Using X-ray tomography, a research team has observed the internal evolution of the materials inside solid-state lithium batteries as they were charged and discharged. Detailed three-dimensional information from the research could help improve the reliability and performance of the batteries, which use solid materials to replace the flammable liquid electrolytes in existing lithium-ion batteries.
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Using science to explore a 60-year-old Russian mystery
Researchers from EPFL and ETH Zurich have conducted an original scientific study that puts forth a plausible explanation for the mysterious 1959 death of nine hikers in the Ural Mountains in the former Soviet Union. The tragic Dyatlov Pass Incident, as it came to be called, has spawned a number of theories, from murderous Yeti to secret military experiments.
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Modeling study of ancient thumbs traces the history of hominin thumb dexterity
Researchers analyzing the biomechanics and efficiency of the thumb across different fossil human species using virtual muscle modeling, revealed new insight into when these abilities first arose and what they've meant for the development of more complex human culture. The findings, appearing January 28 in the journal Current Biology, suggest that a fundamental aspect of human thumb opposition appe
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Study: The Moon's Water Came From Earth's Magnetic Field
Splash Zone Ever since they discovered that the Moon wasn't bone dry, scientists have been trying to figure out where all that lunar water came from. Past guesses include bombardment by water-carrying asteroids or that solar winds blasted the Moon with ionized molecules that eventually formed water. But it turns out the moisture may have actually come from the Earth's magnetosphere, according to
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What writers who imagined drowned worlds tell us about the future of sea-level rise
Water was traded on Wall Street alongside oil and gold for the first time in early December 2020. That might seem bizarre, but there is a grim logic at play. Reliable sources of water that have nourished civilisations throughout history—the glaciers and ice packs that release a steady flow each spring—are shrinking. New research has revealed that the world is losing ice 65% faster now than it did
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A mild way to upcycle plastics used in bottles into fuel and other high-value products
Plastic is ubiquitous in people's lives. Yet, when plastic-containing items have fulfilled their missions, only a small amount is recycled into new products, which are often of lower quality compared to the original material. And, transforming this waste into high-value chemicals requires substantial energy. Now, researchers have combined a ruthenium-carbon catalyst and mild, lower-energy reaction
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Male butterflies mark their mates with a stench to 'turn off' rival suitors
Smells, scents and stenches are a common feature in the messy world of sex. In animals, aromas such as pheromones are often used to attract and charm potential mates. But some male butterflies use sex smells for another purpose entirely: to deposit a stench on their coital partner so foul that other potential suitors will give her a wide berth.
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Race Replay: Chuck vs. Big Chief | Street Outlaws
Stream Full Episodes of Street Outlaws: https://discovery.com/tv-shows/street-outlaws/ Subscribe to Discovery: http://bit.ly/SubscribeDiscovery Follow Us on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@Discovery Join us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Discovery https://www.facebook.com/StreetOutlaws Follow on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Discovery https://twitter.com/StreetOutlaws We're on Instagram! ht
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Simulating space
While most ESA personnel work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, essential activities continue to take place on site across Agency establishments while following social distancing protocols.
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Male butterflies mark their mates with a stench to 'turn off' rival suitors
Smells, scents and stenches are a common feature in the messy world of sex. In animals, aromas such as pheromones are often used to attract and charm potential mates. But some male butterflies use sex smells for another purpose entirely: to deposit a stench on their coital partner so foul that other potential suitors will give her a wide berth.
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Advances in cellulose-based food packaging material move to testing phase of industrial production
VTT is testing Thermocell plastic film made of cellulose and fatty acids in the production of food packaging in cooperation with Arla Foods, Paulig, and Wipak. Thermocell plastic material, which is made from renewable components, is to be used in the same way as fossil-based plastic. Thanks to the development work, many features of the film already meet the requirements of the food industry, and c
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A stealthy reimagining of urban public space | Elizabeth Diller
Cities are becoming increasingly privatized: commercial real estate dominates the streets, carving up open space that once belonged to the public and selling it as a commodity to the highest bidder. Architect Elizabeth Diller explores the causes and effects of this growing threat — and takes us on tour of her groundbreaking projects aimed at creating landscapes for the public to enjoy, from the H
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Ecologists conducted a novel study on vegetation transpiration from a global network of 251 sites
An ecologist from RUDN University together with colleagues from 14 countries compared three methods for estimating ecosystem transpiration in a study. In the first ever research with such a comprehensive data-set, the team used land-atmosphere water vapor flux data of collected at 251 locations all over the planet, from Australia to Greenland. The outcome of the research help to understand the rol
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This Company Is Using Science, Not Gimmicks, To Help Fight Hangovers
If you've found that the intensity of your hangovers increased at least 10 fold last year, you're not alone. In fact, Americans across the board are tossing back more drinks than usual. New research out of RAND , a nonprofit research organization, found that alcohol consumption in the United States rose 14-percent amidst pandemic shutdowns. And as you probably already know, more drinking means mo
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Scientists pin hopes on a new ion trap to create the world's most accurate mass spectrometer
Mass spectrometers are widely used to analyze highly complex chemical and biological mixtures. Skoltech scientists have developed a new version of a mass spectrometer that uses rotation frequencies of ionized molecules in strong magnetic fields to measure masses with higher accuracy (FT ICR). The team has designed an ion trap that ensures the utmost resolving power in ultra-strong magnetic fields.
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X-Ray tomography lets researchers watch solid-state batteries charge, discharge
Using X-ray tomography, a research team has observed the internal evolution of the materials inside solid-state lithium batteries as they were charged and discharged. Detailed three-dimensional information from the research could help improve the reliability and performance of the batteries, which use solid materials to replace the flammable liquid electrolytes in existing lithium-ion batteries.
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How evolution can change science for the better
Science is society's best method for understanding the world. Yet many scientists are unhappy with the way it works, and there are growing concerns that there is something "broken" in current scientific practice. Many of the rules and procedures that are meant to promote innovative research are little more than historical precedents with little reason to suppose they encourage efficient or reliabl
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Modeling study of ancient thumbs traces the history of hominin thumb dexterity
Despite long-standing ideas about the importance of thumb evolution in tool use and development, questions remain about exactly when human-like manual dexterity and efficient thumb use arose—and which hominin species was the first to have this ability. Now, researchers who've analyzed the biomechanics and efficiency of the thumb across different fossil human species using virtual muscle modeling h
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High-income earners have sturdier safety net after job loss
In the spring of 2020, COVID-19 caused an estimated 22 million job losses (13% of the total workforce). Congress' new $900 billion pandemic relief package is the second largest in U.S. history, but it only extends federal unemployment benefits until March and eight million people fell into poverty during the delay in funding. So how well is the public safety net holding up?
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Physicists develop record-breaking source for single photons
Researchers at the University of Basel and Ruhr University Bochum have developed a source of single photons that can produce billions of these quantum particles per second. With its record-breaking efficiency, the photon source represents a new and powerful building-block for quantum technologies.
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Using science to explore a 60-year-old Russian mystery, the Dyatlov Pass incident
Researchers from EPFL and ETH Zurich have conducted an original scientific study that puts forth a plausible explanation for the mysterious 1959 death of nine hikers in the Ural Mountains in the former Soviet Union. The tragic Dyatlov Pass Incident, as it came to be called, has spawned a number of theories, from murderous Yeti to secret military experiments.
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Modeling study of ancient thumbs traces the history of hominin thumb dexterity
Despite long-standing ideas about the importance of thumb evolution in tool use and development, questions remain about exactly when human-like manual dexterity and efficient thumb use arose—and which hominin species was the first to have this ability. Now, researchers who've analyzed the biomechanics and efficiency of the thumb across different fossil human species using virtual muscle modeling h
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A mild way to upcycle plastics used in bottles into fuel and other high-value products
Plastic is ubiquitous in people's lives. Yet, when plastic-containing items have fulfilled their missions, only a small amount is recycled into new products, which are often of lower quality compared to the original material. And, transforming this waste into high-value chemicals requires substantial energy. Now, researchers have combined a ruthenium-carbon catalyst and mild, lower-energy reaction
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You can take Steven Pinker's Harvard intro to psych class for free
Harvard University professor Steven Pinker is offering free lectures from his Harvard psych course online. Pinker is a celebrated thinker, author, experimental cognitive psychologist, and linguist. The lectures are being shared via Twitter and you can start on one right now. Steven Pinker , the noted Canadian-American cognitive psychologist and linguist, is offering lectures from his spring Harva
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Five unusual technologies for harvesting water in dry areas
Water scarcity is among the top five global risks affecting people's wellbeing. In water-scarce areas, the situation is grim. Conventional sources like snowfall, rainfall, river runoff and easily accessible groundwater are being affected by climate change, and supplies are shrinking as demand grows.
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Congressional Panel: Please, Let Us Build Killer Robots
Mulling Skynet Tasked with deciding whether the United States military should be able develop autonomous killer robots capable of using deadly force, a congressional advisory panel decided that the government should keep its options open. Using similar logic to a parent convincing to get their toddler to try vegetables, members of the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence conclu
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Soap simplifies making 2D nanosheets
Just a little soap improves the process of preparing two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride, researchers report. Chemists have found a way to get the maximum amount of quality two-dimensional hBN nanosheets from its natural bulk form by processing it with surfactant (aka soap) and water. The surfactant surrounds and stabilizes the microscopic flakes, preserving their properties. Angel Martí, pro
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Detecting trace amounts of multiple classes of antibiotics in foods
Widespread use of antibiotics in human healthcare and livestock husbandry has led to trace amounts of the drugs ending up in food products. Long-term consumption could cause health problems, but it's been difficult to analyze more than a few antibiotics at a time because they have different chemical properties. Now, researchers have developed a method to simultaneously measure 77 antibiotics in a
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Gender and spatial behavior
Navigating, exploring and thinking about space are part of daily life, whether it's carving a path through a crowd, hiking a backcountry trail or maneuvering into a parking spot.
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Global solution needed: Oceanic sharks and rays have declined by 71% since 1970
Oceanic sharks and rays live so far from land that the average person is unlikely to ever see them. But these species, which live in the vast open ocean, are also among the most revered, and include the great white shark and the giant manta ray. For millennia, their remoteness has allowed these species to largely avoid humans. But since the early 1950s, industrial-scale fishing fleets have been ab
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Global solution needed: Oceanic sharks and rays have declined by 71% since 1970
Oceanic sharks and rays live so far from land that the average person is unlikely to ever see them. But these species, which live in the vast open ocean, are also among the most revered, and include the great white shark and the giant manta ray. For millennia, their remoteness has allowed these species to largely avoid humans. But since the early 1950s, industrial-scale fishing fleets have been ab
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Brain 3D genome study uncovers human-specific regulatory changes during development
A team led by Prof. SU Bing from the Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prof. LI Cheng from Peking University, and Prof. ZHANG Shihua from the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science of CAS has reported the highest resolution by far of the 3D genome of the primate brain, and demonstrated the molecular regulatory mechanisms of human brain evolution throu
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Can better data defeat the next pandemic?
This coronavirus pandemic is very much still ongoing, but now is the time to discern its lessons so that we are more prepared for the next one. Michael Dowling, president and CEO of Northwell Health, shares how their health system is collecting and utilizing vast amounts of health data to best care for patients and to quickly identify and manage COVID-19 surges. "I would say that we probably had
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Using hand gestures while speaking found to influence how words are heard by others
A team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Radboud University and TiCC Tilburg University, all in The Netherlands, has found that hand gestures used by people when speaking can influence how their words are being heard and interpreted by others. In their paper published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the group describes experiments with volunteer
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Size matters: How the size of a male's weapons affects its anti-predator tactics
Across many animal species there is great evolutionary pressure on males, who often engage in combat for the rights to copulation. This phenomenon, called sexual selection, often ends up favoring males with larger weapons, such as horns or pincers. Interestingly, scientists have noted that males endowed with smaller weapons adopt alternative reproductive tactics in some species. For example, inste
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Size matters: How the size of a male's weapons affects its anti-predator tactics
Across many animal species there is great evolutionary pressure on males, who often engage in combat for the rights to copulation. This phenomenon, called sexual selection, often ends up favoring males with larger weapons, such as horns or pincers. Interestingly, scientists have noted that males endowed with smaller weapons adopt alternative reproductive tactics in some species. For example, inste
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Rules of resistance against transgene silencing
Clear rules for engineering transgenes that can be inserted and propagated over multiple generations of nematodes include ways to protect inserted genes from the organism's natural defenses against foreign DNA. Developed by KAUST researchers, the rules have implications for many research fields, including gene therapy development.
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Zapping quantum materials with lasers tells us how atoms relate
Phase transitions are a fundamental piece of physics and chemistry. We're all familiar with different phases of water, for example, but this idea of a system of particles changing what it looks like and how it behaves is really ubiquitous in science. And while we know the outcome of water changing into ice, the precise process leads to many different kinds of ice: sometimes ice is transparent and
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Press briefing highlights disparities among key groups
Several leading international lung cancer researchers at a press briefing held by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer today, presented compelling new data revealing that factors of race, gender, sexual orientation and income continue to be significant barriers to those living with lung cancer. The press briefing is part of the IASLC's World Conference on Lung Cancer 2020 Sin
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Low-cost approach to scanning historic glass plates yields an astronomical surprise
You never know what new discoveries might be hiding in old astronomical observations. For almost a hundred years starting in the late 19th century, emulsion-coated dry glass plate photography was the standard of choice used by large astronomical observatories and surveys for documenting and imaging the sky. These large enormous glass plate collections are still out there around the world, filed aw
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What did the solar system look like before all the planets migrated?
Early planetary migration in the solar system has been long established, and there are myriad theories that have been put forward to explain where the planets were coming from. Theories such as the Grand Tack Hypothesis an the Nice Model show how important that migration is to the current state of our solar system. Now, a team from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has come up with a n
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Micro-brewing goes more micro
A Ph.D. student and 'beer scientist' has inadvertently discovered a way to conduct extremely small-scale brewing experiments, potentially leading to better beer.
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Children persist less when parents take over
Watching a child show off newly mastered shoe-tying skills is often an exercise in parental patience. The normally quick task seems endless, particularly when motivated by any sort of underlying rush. But, according to research from the University of Pennsylvania, adults should resist the urge to step in—advice that goes far beyond tying shoes.
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Hear the call of the wild: Tracking deer movements by sound
In the marchland of Japan's Oze National Park, keeping track of the deer population has been a difficult and time-consuming task for the park rangers. Now their lives could get much easier, thanks to a novel technique for tracking deer movements using unmanned listening devices developed by researchers at the Institute of Industrial Science, a part of the University of Tokyo.
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Sharing Covid vaccines is in UK's best interests, say scientists
Delivering doses to other countries will reduce chance of virus coming back in new forms, say experts Coronavirus – latest updates See all our coronavirus coverage Sharing UK Covid vaccines with countries in Europe and beyond is in the UK's best interests, scientists have said, as the row over supplies intensifies. A dispute has sprung up between the UK and EU over the supply of Covid vaccines ,
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Hear the call of the wild: Tracking deer movements by sound
In the marchland of Japan's Oze National Park, keeping track of the deer population has been a difficult and time-consuming task for the park rangers. Now their lives could get much easier, thanks to a novel technique for tracking deer movements using unmanned listening devices developed by researchers at the Institute of Industrial Science, a part of the University of Tokyo.
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Mysterious X-rays may be first sign of 'ghost particles'
Mysterious X-rays detected from nearby neutron stars may offer the first evidence of axions, hypothetical particles that could help unravel secrets about dark matter, researchers report. If the theory is confirmed, the researchers' findings could help reveal several mysteries of the universe. Their paper appears in Physical Review Letters . There are many kinds of particles that make up matter in
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Solar power got cheap. So why aren't we using it more?
Solar panels have gotten more efficient—and cheaper—without you even realizing. (Pixabay/) Many of us might assume that the reason so much energy still comes from gas and coal power plants is simple economics: those fuels are cheaper. But though it was once true, that assumption has actually been obliterated by a recent decline in solar and wind costs over the past decade. When it comes to the co
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Listening to the call of the wild: Tracking deer movements using sound
Researchers from The University of Tokyo built a prototype system for monitoring deer populations in the wild using sound recording devices in a grid formation. As the sound recording devices are powered by solar panels and synchronize their internal clocks with GPS satellites, they are suitable for unmanned monitoring. Two trials of the system indicated that it is more accurate and convenient tha
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Scientists Want to Fight Climate Change by Blocking the Sun With Dust
In the past few years, scientists have hatched some pretty crazy-sounding schemes in the name of protecting Earth and its inhabitants. From building an underwater wall 120 kilometers long to try to save a glacier to cloud seeding an area three times the size of Spain to increase rainfall , it seems there's no project too outlandish to at least consider—if not put into action. Now there's another
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Betraying Your Church—And Your Party
The letter writer's message was clear: Representative Adam Kinzinger is doing the devil's work, and he is possessed by demons. It's not hard to guess why Kinzinger would receive such a note. He was one of 10 Republican members of Congress who defied their party and voted to impeach President Donald Trump for inciting the January 6 insurrection at the Capitol. Kinzinger knew most Republicans in hi
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Fetal and neonatal therapies improve prognosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection
A cross-institutional research group has revealed for the first time in the world that infants with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection who were treated with a combination of immunoglobulin fetal therapy and neonatal therapy with antiviral drugs were less likely to experience the severe aftereffects associated with the infection than those who only received the neonatal therapy.
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How the brain is programmed for computer programming?
Expert computer programmers show higher proficiency in certain behavioural and attention skills than their novice peers. To identify the responsible brain regions, scientists used fMRI to analyse the brain activities of 30 programmers of different skill level, finding that seven regions of the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices in expert programmers' brains are fine-tuned for programming. The
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Size matters: How the size of a male's weapons affects its anti-predator tactics
When males have to fight for reproductive rights, having larger weapons such as horns gives them an edge. However, this can also limit their mobility, making them more vulnerable to predators. In a recent study, scientists from Japan proved, for the first time, that males of a species adopt different anti-predator tactics–tonic immobility or escape–based on the size of their weapons, opening doo
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Osteoporosis, controversial fractures and various bone markers
Aging and lifestyle-related metabolic imbalances cause the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). A team of doctors from Shinshu University School of Medicine compared the impacts of AGEs on bone status and prevalent osteoporotic fractures in a cohort of postmenopausal women. They hope to provide an effective intervention for the AGEs accumulation in bone tissue leading to bone he
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Light pollution linked to preterm births, reduced birth weights
Researchers discovered that light pollution is linked to preterm birth, a shortened gestational length, and reduced birth weight. babies born too early have higher rates of death and disability. In 2018, preterm birth and low birth weight accounted for roughly 17% of infant deaths (deaths before one year of age). Researchers hope this spawns policy discussion around minimizing light pollution.
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Crunch! Underwater acoustics expose 'shell-crushing' sounds in a large marine predator
'Shell-crushing,' an explosive sound, occurs when marine animals crack open hard shells like clams to eat the edible tissue. There hasn't been any data to support this feeding noise, until now. A study is first to quantify these sounds using underwater acoustics in a marine animal in a controlled setting. Scientists know what type of shell a ray is eating based on the sound it makes and show it's
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Eyes reveal life history of fish
If you look deep into the eyes of a fish, it will tell you its life story. Scientists demonstrate that they can use stable isotopic analysis of the eye lenses of freshwater fish — including threatened and endangered salmon — to reveal a fish's life history and what it ate along the way.
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The Atlantic Daily: What the Pandemic Has Done to Casual Friendships
Every weekday evening, our editors guide you through the biggest stories of the day, help you discover new ideas, and surprise you with moments of delight. Subscribe to get this delivered to your inbox . Americans are just trying to get by. The country now sits in vaccine purgatory , a new phase of the pandemic that, unfortunately, retains many of the painful parts of the last. Fears that vaccina
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Annual temp now tops those of the past 10,000 years
Scientists have resolved a key climate change mystery, the "Holocene temperature conundrum." Their findings, published in Nature , show that the annual global temperature today is the warmest of the past 10,000 years—contrary to recent research. Some skeptics contend that climate model predictions of future warming must be wrong. The scientists, however, say their findings will challenge long-hel
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UK defends Oxford vaccine as Germany advises against use on over-65s
Boris Johnson and head of UK regulator say vaccine produces immune response in all age groups Coronavirus – latest updates See all our coronavirus coverage The makers of the Oxford/AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine and UK government agencies have defended the vaccine's efficacy after German authorities recommended it should not be used on people aged 65 or above, citing a lack of data. Related: Cor
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Transitioning To A Circular Production Economy
A recent study looks at the use of food waste to produce beneficial bacteria and nutrients for agriculture. Specifically they take beer mash and mixed produce discarded from a grocery store. They ferment it, and then add the result to the closed watering system of a greenhouse. The results are very encouraging – a significant increase in beneficial bacteria and carbon without any increase in path
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Using zirconium as an additive in super-strong composite materials
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are incredibly strong materials used in jet engines, gas turbines, and cutting tools for nickel superalloys. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is hard and chemically inert, and tungsten carbide (WC) is used as a superhard material, but past efforts to create an Al2O3-WC CMC yielded unsatisfactory results. Recently, a study by Japanese scientists shows that adding zirconium at
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Majority skeptical healthcare costs will fall anytime soon as Biden begins presidency
In his inaugural address, President Biden vowed that 'help is on the way' to a nation grappling with a pandemic that has already claimed over 420,000 lives and counting. However, despite the promise of a better future, a new survey from West Health and Gallup finds Americans remain largely skeptical that issues as varied as managing the COVID-19 crisis, lowering healthcare costs, improving the eco
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Hyrda kemikalier gynnar miljö och ekonomi
Om kemiproducenten hyr ut sina produkter och låter användaren betala för funktionen snarare än kvantiteten, gynnas båda parter ekonomiskt. Dessutom gynnas miljön då mindre mängd kemikalier är i omlopp och då kemikalierna renas eller kasseras på ett korrekt sätt hos producenten. – Konceptet med att hyra kemikalier skulle minska de kemiska utsläppen i atmosfären från dagens hundratals ton, till 10-
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Do binaural beats benefit your brain?
You'll need headphones for this possibly soothing sound experiment. (Henry Be/Unsplash/) If listening to ethereal, almost otherworldly, sounds for a few minutes every day while you study and work could make your brain more creative and less prone to anxiety, wouldn't we all do it? One such concept, binaural beats, has been touted by some to be a bit of a magic cure for handling stress. But much l
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Gender and spatial behavior
Research based on the daily movements of people living in a contemporary hunter-gatherer society provides new evidence for links between the gendered division of labor in human societies over the past 2.5 million years and differences in the way men and women think about space.
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Against Native Americans, US waged genocidal war
The United States government was genocidal in wars against Native Americans from the 1600s to the 1900s, a new book argues. Jeffrey Ostler has spent the better part of three decades researching and teaching the thorny legacies of the American frontier. His conclusion: the wars the US government waged against Native Americans from the 1600s to the 1900s differed in a fundamental way from this coun
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How to reset your devices without losing everything
It's up to you if you want to reset your devices in a cafe, but make sure you're sitting next to a power outlet. (Joseph Frank/Unsplash/) Think back to how you felt powering up each of your devices for the first time. That sparkling, uncluttered interface, speedy performance, and plenty of possibilities. You can actually feel that again any time you like by resetting your phone or computer. Reset
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The World's Best Tennis Players Are Serving Balls Into Hotel Mattresses
In the spring, after my beloved, overpriced New York exercise studios closed, one grim "In these unprecedented times" email after another, I did what any aspiring workout enthusiast with a little cash to burn might do: I got out my credit card and I bought monthly subscriptions to three different online classes. The era of kidding myself that I would actually exercise at home had begun. I started
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3-D genome brain study uncovers human-specific regulatory changes during development
A team led by Prof. Su Bing from the Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prof. Li Cheng from Peking University, and Prof. Zhang Shihua from the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science of CAS has reported the highest resolution by far of the 3-D genome of the primate brain, and demonstrated the molecular regulatory mechanisms of human brain evolution thro
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Researchers announce surprising clue in the evolution of mammalian middle ear
In a study published today in the prestigious scientific journal Nature, researchers from Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMNH), Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP), and the Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History in China announce a surprising clue in the puzzling evolution of the mammalian middle ear. Despite increased access to fossils preserving the auditory apparatus, the evolution
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Researchers report new technique to image the cell nucleus
Nestled deep in the nucleus of each of your cells is what seems like a magic trick: Six feet of DNA is packaged into a tiny space 50 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Like a long, thin string of genetic spaghetti, this DNA blueprint for your whole body is folded and compacted into structures called chromosomes in order to fit within this space.
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Sustainable optical fibers developed from methylcellulose
Researchers from Tampere University and Aalto University have developed optical fibers from methylcellulose, a commonly used cellulose derivative. The finding opens new avenues to short-distance optical fibers using sustainable and environmentally benign fiber processing. The finding was published in the journal Small.
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Using zirconium as an additive in super-strong composite materials
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are incredibly strong materials used in jet engines, gas turbines, and cutting tools for nickel superalloys. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is hard and chemically inert, and tungsten carbide (WC) is used as a superhard material, but past efforts to create an Al2O3-WC CMC yielded unsatisfactory results. Recently, a study by Japanese scientists, published in Scientific Repor
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3-D genome brain study uncovers human-specific regulatory changes during development
A team led by Prof. Su Bing from the Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prof. Li Cheng from Peking University, and Prof. Zhang Shihua from the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science of CAS has reported the highest resolution by far of the 3-D genome of the primate brain, and demonstrated the molecular regulatory mechanisms of human brain evolution thro
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Dalian Coherent Light Source reveals origin of interstellar disulfur
Studying the creation and evolution of sulfur-containing compounds in outer space is essential for understanding interstellar chemistry. CS2 is believed to be the most important molecule in comet nuclei, interstellar dust, or ice cores. It could produce CS and S2 fragments after photodissociation.
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Researchers announce surprising clue in the evolution of mammalian middle ear
In a study published today in the prestigious scientific journal Nature, researchers from Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMNH), Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP), and the Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History in China announce a surprising clue in the puzzling evolution of the mammalian middle ear. Despite increased access to fossils preserving the auditory apparatus, the evolution
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Researchers report new technique to image the cell nucleus
Nestled deep in the nucleus of each of your cells is what seems like a magic trick: Six feet of DNA is packaged into a tiny space 50 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Like a long, thin string of genetic spaghetti, this DNA blueprint for your whole body is folded and compacted into structures called chromosomes in order to fit within this space.
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Sextuply-eclipsing sextuple star system uncovered in TESS data with an assist from AI
An international team of researchers led by Brian P. Powell at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and Veselin P. Kostov at the SETI Institute has identified a unique system consisting of six stars. The three binary stars form a gravitationally-bound system and each pair is producing eclipses. The star system, known as TYC 7037-89-1, was uncovered in data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satell
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Scientists liken long Covid symptoms to those of Ebola survivors
Experts also studying similarities with lasting effects of Chikungunya virus in hope of finding new treatments Coronavirus – latest updates See all our coronavirus coverage Scientists are studying the similarities between long Covid and ongoing symptoms experienced by survivors of Ebola and Chikungunya virus in the hope of devising new treatments to improve their health. Like patients with long C
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How Useful Is Recycling, Really?
One of the few things Americans largely agree on is recycling. This simple act is popular with Democrats, Republicans, free-market diehards, and environmental advocates alike, data consistently show. And among recycling enthusiasts, one group is particularly keen—people already concerned about climate change. This makes a certain intuitive sense, as recycling has well-documented benefits for the
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The Pandejo Movement Destroyed California's Pandemic Progress
Every Saturday night from my doorstep, I witness the agony and stupidity that is the coronavirus in Southern California. I live in Santa Ana, a supermajority-Latino city that has recorded 18 percent of all COVID-19 cases in Orange County and 18 percent of related deaths, despite making up just 10 percent of the county's population . When I step outside my home, I see plastic signs staked next to
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The Hard-Partying, Rock-Obsessed Nurse at the Center of a Massive Opioid Bust
Video collages by Sara Serna Y ou need to be a certain kind of person to want a reality-TV show about yourself. Jeffrey Young was one of those people. In 2016, Young, who was 42 at the time, invited a cameraman to shoot a pilot episode about his life as a nurse practitioner in Jackson, Tennessee. It doesn't sound like much of a sell—a middle-aged man doling out medical advice in a city midway bet
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May I Borrow Your Covid Immunity?
Whenever a new virus emerges—be it HIV or SARS-CoV-2—a few lucky people put up a potent natural defense. Monoclonal antibody drugs let them share the health.
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Understanding how genetic motifs conduct 'the music of life'
Our genetic codes control not only which proteins our cells produce, but also—to a great extent—in what quantity. This groundbreaking discovery, applicable to all biological life, was recently made by systems biologists at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, using supercomputers and artificial intelligence. Their research, which could also shed new light on the mysteries of cancer, was rece
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Reconstruction shows increased global warming trends since 1850s
Earth is warming rapidly, but there is too little observational data in some regions like the Arctic and high-altitude areas like the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. It is thus difficult to assess temperature variations accurately around the globe. To better understand how temperatures have increased, an international team led by researchers at Sun Yat-Sen University in China has released a newly merged
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Understanding how genetic motifs conduct 'the music of life'
Our genetic codes control not only which proteins our cells produce, but also—to a great extent—in what quantity. This groundbreaking discovery, applicable to all biological life, was recently made by systems biologists at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, using supercomputers and artificial intelligence. Their research, which could also shed new light on the mysteries of cancer, was rece
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Study uses neutrons to shine light on shutting down cancer cells
Often called the building blocks of life, cells are complex and highly dynamic. The genetic information encoded inside enables them to build biomolecular components like proteins, DNA, and RNA, which assemble into larger, more complex units—from myriad organelles to ultimately whole cells—which in turn form tissues that then give rise to entire organisms. Control over the levels of organization is
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Ny Digital Post udskudt fire måneder
For at give myndighederne "bedre tid" til at forberede sig på omstillingen til det nye system, udskyder Digitaliseringsstyrelsen lanceringen af Digital Post til slutningen af november.
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Study uses neutrons to shine light on shutting down cancer cells
Often called the building blocks of life, cells are complex and highly dynamic. The genetic information encoded inside enables them to build biomolecular components like proteins, DNA, and RNA, which assemble into larger, more complex units—from myriad organelles to ultimately whole cells—which in turn form tissues that then give rise to entire organisms. Control over the levels of organization is
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Do you drink bottled water? Read this | Adrienne Matei
Bottled water is atrocious for the environment. You're better off buying a water filter for healthier, tastier water For years, the debate has raged on: which is better, bottled water, or tap? Despite its ever-growing popularity in the US , bottled water is atrocious for the environment. To quote Harvard University's Office for Sustainability, "The entire life cycle of bottled water uses fossil f
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The Truth About Kids, School, and COVID-19
(CHRISTOPHER LEE / THE NEW YORK TIMES / REDUX) F ederal health officials at the CDC this week called for children to return to American classrooms as soon as possible. In an essay in the Journal of the American Medical Association , they wrote that the "preponderance of available evidence" from the fall semester had reassured the agency that with adequate masking, distancing, and ventilation, the
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How to Shrink the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
T he Middle East is changing in front of our eyes. The process that began with an agreement between Israel and the United Arab Emirates in August is gaining momentum and changing the political map of the region. Israel has now built ties with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco. But the Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains intractable and unsolved, standing as an obstacle to fur
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There Are Two Kinds of Happy People
" How to Build a Life " is a weekly column by Arthur Brooks, tackling questions of meaning and happiness. T hese days , we are offered a dizzying variety of secrets to happiness. Some are ways of life: Give to others ; practice gratitude . Others are minor hacks: Eat kale ; play a board game . Some are simply an effort to make a buck. I have found that most of the serious approaches to happiness
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Earth used to be cooler than we thought, which changes our math on global warming
Earth was cooler than we thought 6,000 years ago. (Gerd Altmann/Pixabay/) The last 12,000 years have been much cooler than previously thought, according to research published Wednesday in the journal Nature . And in contrast, human-caused warming of the atmosphere is even more anomalous than we'd realized. That's because the study's authors have found a new way to estimate historical temperatures
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Studie: Antibiotika hæmmer drenges vækst
Hvis en baby modtager antibiotika i løbet af to uger efter fødslen, så stiger risikoen for, at barnet seks år efter er lavere end gennemsnittet. Det gælder dog kun for drenge, viser et nyt studie med tusindvis af børn publiceret i Nature.
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EU could block millions of Covid vaccine doses entering UK with new powers
European commission says new mechanism will give national regulators power to refuse exports Coronavirus – latest updates See all our coronavirus coverage Millions of doses of vaccines could be blocked from entering Britain from the EU within days, as part of Brussels' response to a major shortage of doses among its member states. The European commission said a new authorisation mechanism would b
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A small-molecule P2RX7 activator promotes anti-tumor immune responses and sensitizes lung tumor to immunotherapy
Nature Communications, Published online: 28 January 2021; doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20912-2 A limited percentage of patients with non-small cell lung cancer respond to immunotherapy. Here the authors show that HEI3090, a chemical positive modulator of the purinergic P2RX7 receptor, promotes IL-18 mediated anti-tumor immune responses and sensitizes lung cancer to anti-PD-1 therapy in preclinical mode
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Cellular stress signaling activates type-I IFN response through FOXO3-regulated lamin posttranslational modification
Nature Communications, Published online: 28 January 2021; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20839-0 Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) encounter constant stresses during aging, such as elevated oxidative stress. Here the authors show that oxidative stress induced reduction in NSPC neural differentiation is mediated by a FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signalling cascade initiated by FOXO3 oxidat
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Ion adsorption-induced reversible polarization switching of a van der Waals layered ferroelectric
Nature Communications, Published online: 28 January 2021; doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20945-7 Whether it is possible to achieve polarization inversion in a ferroelectric without any energy consumption is an open question. Here, the authors demonstrate an energy-free approach to control the polarization state of CuInP2S6, a typical room-temperature van der Waals layered ferroelectric.
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A small molecule compound with an indole moiety inhibits the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and blocks virus replication
Nature Communications, Published online: 28 January 2021; doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20900-6 Here, using in vitro assays and structural analysis, the authors characterize the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of two small molcules, showing these to bind and target the virus main protease (Mpro), and to exhibit a synergistic antiviral effect when combined with remdesivir in vitro.
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Hyperpolyploidization of hepatocyte initiates preneoplastic lesion formation in the liver
Nature Communications, Published online: 28 January 2021; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20572-8 Polyploidy is a common feature in normal hepatocytes, however, the pathophysiological function of hepatic hyperpolyploidy is unclear. Here, the authors show that genotoxic stress induces accumulation of hyperpolyploid hepatocytes around the centrilobular region of the liver, which may indicate the origin of p
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Measuring the frequency chirp of extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses by transient absorption spectroscopy
Nature Communications, Published online: 28 January 2021; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20846-1 Free-electron laser pulses generated from self-amplification of spontaneous emission scheme vary from one another in their characteristics. Here the authors demonstrate a transient absorption spectroscopy method to characterize the frequency chirp of the FEL pulses.
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Transdermal electroosmotic flow generated by a porous microneedle array patch
Nature Communications, Published online: 28 January 2021; doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20948-4 Transdermal delivery has emerged as a preferred method of drug delivery. Here, the authors report on the application of porous polymer microneedles coupled with electroosmosis powered by enzymatic batteries for the transport of small and large molecules through the skin.
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Lunik: Inside the CIA's audacious plot to steal a Soviet satellite
In late October 1959, a Mexican spy named Eduardo Diaz Silveti slipped into the US Embassy in Mexico City. Tall and well-spoken with slicked-back hair, Silveti, 30, descended from a family of bullfighters. He had learned spycraft at the Federal Security Directorate, or DFS, Mexico's secret police. During the Cold War, the capital had become so overrun by Communist spies that the CIA had enlisted
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Svårt att bemöta näthat med kärlek
På nätet pågår en dragkamp mellan två läger: grupper som sprider hat, och grupper som vill bemöta hatet med "kärlek och förnuft". Det är dock lättare sagt än gjort. Spontana och oförsiktiga inlägg mot hatet kan lätt bidra till mer polarisering och hat visar en studie från Malmö universitet. Den aktuella studien fokuserar på två grupper som i Tyskland står mot varandra, Reconquista Germanica och R
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Covid-19: What can astronauts teach us about coping in lockdown?
As we head into yet another month of lockdown in the UK, with hospitals overwhelmed, how do we cope with the monotony, isolation, boredom and stress? Science Weekly gets inspiration from the people who choose to put themselves through extreme situations – including astronauts, arctic research scientists and submariners. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod
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Four Steps to Building Vaccine Trust in Marginalized Communities
According to the Pew Research Center, just 42 percent of African Americans say they would be willing to take an FDA-approved Covid-19 vaccine. As Black nurses with more than 70 years of combined experience, we believe health providers must play a key role in winning back trust in Black and Brown communities.
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Coronavirus was brought into Russia at least 67 times
A research team from HSE University and SkolTech, together with experts from the Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza in St. Petersburg and the RAS Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems (IITP), discovered that the SARS-CoV-2 virus independently entered Russia at least 67 times, mostly at the end of February and beginning of March 2020. The article 'Genomic epidemiology
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How data can defeat the next pandemic
This coronavirus pandemic is very much still ongoing, but now is the time to discern its lessons so that we are more prepared for the next one. Michael Dowling, president and CEO of Northwell Health, shares how their health system is collecting and utilizing vast amounts of health data to best care for patients and to quickly identify and manage COVID-19 surges. "I would say that we probably had
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635 million-year-old fungi-like microfossil that bailed us out of an ice age discovered
When you think of fungi, what comes to mind may be a crucial ingredient in a recipe or their amazing ability to break down dead organic matter into vital nutrients. But new research by Shuhai Xiao, a professor of geosciences with the Virginia Tech College of Science, and Tian Gan, a visiting Ph.D. student in the Xiao lab, highlights yet another important role that fungi have played throughout the
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635 million-year-old fungi-like microfossil that bailed us out of an ice age discovered
When you think of fungi, what comes to mind may be a crucial ingredient in a recipe or their amazing ability to break down dead organic matter into vital nutrients. But new research by Shuhai Xiao, a professor of geosciences with the Virginia Tech College of Science, and Tian Gan, a visiting Ph.D. student in the Xiao lab, highlights yet another important role that fungi have played throughout the
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Første vindmølle på plads i Kriegers Flak havmøllepark
PLUS. Den første vindmølle på Danmarks største havmøllepark, Kriegers Flak, er nu installeret og klar til at levere fossilfri elektricitet til danske husstande og erhvervslivet. Når den er færdig vil Kriegers Flak-parken øge den danske vindproduktion med cirka 16 procent.
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Reconstruction shows increased global warming trends since 1850s
To better understand how temperatures have increased, an international team led by researchers at Sun Yat-Sen University in China has released a newly merged global surface temperature dataset, including reconstructed land and marine measurements from the 1850s to 2018. The study provides evidence that there was a consistent increased warming trend compared with previous estimations.
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Entrepreneurs benefit more from emotional intelligence than other competencies, such as IQ
Running a successful business has its challenges, but the COVID-19 pandemic has required many owners to pivot and look for new ways to operate profitably while keeping employees and consumers safe. Research from the Indiana University Kelley School of Business found that emotional intelligence—the ability to understand, use and manage emotions to relieve stress—may be more vital to a business' sur
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First evidence that water can be created on the lunar surface by Earth's magnetosphere
Before the Apollo era, the moon was thought to be dry as a desert due to the extreme temperatures and harshness of the space environment. Many studies have since discovered lunar water: ice in shadowed polar craters, water bound in volcanic rocks, and unexpected rusty iron deposits in the lunar soil. Despite these findings, there is still no true confirmation of the extent or origin of lunar surfa
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Cash injection: could we cure all disease with a trillion dollars?
Could such a large amount of money end the Covid pandemic? Eradicate disease? Provide universal healthcare and fund vaccine research? You know that daydream where you suddenly come into a vast fortune? You could buy a castle or a tropical island hideaway, help out all your friends, do a bit of good in the world. But what if it was a truly incredible sum? What if you had $1tn to spend, and a year
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WHO team exits Wuhan quarantine to start Covid fact-finding mission
Mission is politically charged as China seeks to avoid blame for alleged missteps in outbreak response Coronavirus – latest updates See all our coronavirus coverage An international team of World Health Organization experts has emerged from quarantine in the Chinese city of Wuhan, to begin much-delayed fieldwork into the origins of the Sars-CoV-2 virus that caused the Covid-19 pandemic. The fact-
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At Davos, the global elite should ensure the whole world can access Covid vaccines | Larry Elliott
We risk creating healthcare apartheid, where the virus still rages in poorer nations. Ultimately, this will harm all of us Coronavirus – latest updates See all our coronavirus coverage In different times, the president of South Africa would have been one of the world leaders in Switzerland this week for the annual gathering of the global elite in Davos. But the January talkfest has been online-on
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The Permanent Colony
Tam Tak-chi has spent much of the past two decades talking. First as a popular radio host, then as a prodemocracy activist, Tam had opinions, many of them, and cared little about holding them back. So it was not entirely surprising—perhaps even expected in Hong Kong's rapidly atrophying space for dissent—that his words eventually drew the ire of authorities. Early one September morning last year,
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Octopuses Find New Hunting Buddies – Issue 95: Escape
Under a coral ledge, a day octopus and a brown-marbled grouper meet. The grouper was there first, as if waiting, and they emerge together; the octopus zips ahead, skin turning from deep scarlet to purple-blue, and arrives at a boulder. Beneath the boulder is a hollow, a perfect hiding place for small prey. The octopus's skin flickers and momentarily resembles the grouper's own mottled scales befo
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The Dangerous Evolution of the Coronavirus – Issue 95: Escape
Relief coursed through me last week when I learned my 2-year-old daughter's daycare provider got her first dose of the Pfizer vaccine. It left her feeling more groggy than she expected, but that was a good thing, suggesting the vaccine was kicking her immune system into gear. While I was grateful her vaccination reduced the risk of exposure in my social pod, I was reading about new genetic varian
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Want to Get Out Alive? Follow the Ants – Issue 95: Escape
This article first appeared online in our "Symmetry" issue in May, 2014. On an evening in January A.D. 532, pandemonium broke out in the Constantinople Hippodrome, a U-shaped chariot racetrack surrounded by stadium stands. Two factions, the Greens and Blues—the predecessors of today's soccer hooligans—broke into a fight. When the rest of the spectators dashed to escape, many became trapped by the
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Voters perceive political candidates with a disability as qualified for elected office
Worldwide, over one billion people live with a disability. Historically, they have been discriminated against and stigmatized by society. To improve their rights, they should be included in political decision-making, yet there is a lack of political representatives who are known to have a disability. This under-representation may be due to several factors, including how voters perceive a political
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Entrepreneurs benefit more from emotional intelligence than other competencies, such as IQ
Running a successful business has its challenges, but the COVID-19 pandemic has required many owners to pivot and look for new ways to operate profitably while keeping employees and consumers safe. Research from the Indiana University Kelley School of Business found that emotional intelligence – the ability to understand, use and manage emotions to relieve stress – may be more vital to a business'
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Understanding how genetic motifs conduct "the music of life"
Our genetic codes control not only which proteins our cells produce, but also – to a great extent – in what quantity. This ground-breaking discovery, applicable to all biological life, was recently made by systems biologists at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, using supercomputers and artificial intelligence. Their research, which could also shed new light on the mysteries of cancer, was
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Enhanced recovery efforts for cesarean delivery reduce need for opioids by 80%
In a retrospective analysis of cesarean deliveries from 2015 through 2020, doctors from the Colorado Fetal Care Center at Children's Hospital Colorado found that using a wound infusion pump in combination with enhanced recovery efforts like removing urinary catheters earlier and walking around the same day of surgery can reduce opioid use by more than 80%. Also notable, researchers found a third o
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Voters perceive political candidates with a disability as qualified for elected office
Political candidates with a disability have historically been underrepresented. A new study has found for the first time that voters do not apply certain stereotypes associated with disability to such candidates. Voters see them as honest, hard-working, and concerned with social welfare issues. The results show that the cause of under-representation may not lay with voters' perceptions, but with a
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Eyes reveal life history of fish
If you look deep into the eyes of a fish, it will tell you its life story. Scientists from the University of California, Davis, demonstrate that they can use stable isotopic analysis of the eye lenses of freshwater fish — including threatened and endangered salmon — to reveal a fish's life history and what it ate along the way.
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Solar hydrogen: Photoanodes made of alpha-SnWO4 promise high efficiencies
Photoanodes made of metal oxides are considered to be a viable solution for the production of hydrogen with sunlight. Alpha-SnWO4 has optimal electronic properties for photoelectrochemical water splitting with sunlight, but corrodes easily. Protective layers of nickel oxide prevent corrosion, but reduce the photovoltage and limit the efficiency. Now a team has investigated at BESSY II what happens
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Compelling evidence of neutrino process opens physics possibilities
The COHERENT particle physics experiment has firmly established the existence of a new kind of neutrino interaction. Because neutrinos are electrically neutral and interact only weakly with matter, the quest to observe this interaction drove advances in detector technology and has added new information to theories aiming to explain mysteries of the cosmos.
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When push comes to shove, what counts as a fight?
Biologists often study animal sociality by collecting observations about behavioral interactions. These interactions can be things like severe or minor fights, cooperative food sharing or grooming. But to analyze animal behavior, researchers need to make decisions about how to categorize and code these interactions. That gets tricky.
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AI used to predict early symptoms of schizophrenia in relatives of patients
Researchers have taken a step forward in developing an artificial intelligence tool to predict schizophrenia by analyzing brain scans. The tool was used to analyze functional magnetic resonance images of 57 healthy first-degree relatives (siblings or children) of schizophrenia patients. It accurately identified the 14 individuals who scored highest on a self-reported schizotypal personality trait
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Emissions, pollution and economy: Satellite data reveal links
Burning fossil fuels has long powered world economies while contributing to air pollution and the buildup of greenhouse gases. A new analysis of nearly two decades of satellite data shows that economic development, fossil-fuel combustion and air quality are closely linked on the continental and national scales, but can be decoupled at the national level, according to scientists.
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Solar hydrogen: Photoanodes made of alpha-SnWO4 promise high efficiencies
Photoanodes made of metal oxides are considered to be a viable solution for the production of hydrogen with sunlight. Alpha-SnWO4 has optimal electronic properties for photoelectrochemical water splitting with sunlight, but corrodes easily. Protective layers of nickel oxide prevent corrosion, but reduce the photovoltage and limit the efficiency. Now a team has investigated at BESSY II what happens
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Money impacts happiness more than previously thought, study finds
A new study examined how income affects experienced and evaluative well-being, which are two measures researchers commonly use to evaluate happiness. The results showed that both evaluative and experienced well-being tend to increase alongside income. Still, the results don't suggest you should assign more importance to money, or tie your ideas of personal success to it. Can money buy happiness?
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Malaria tricks the brain's defense system
Malaria is one of the most common causes of death in children in Africa. When the parasite builds up in the blood vessels of the brain, it develops into one of the most dangerous forms of the disease, cerebral malaria. Though it wasn't certain if the parasite was able to penetrate the brain tissue, now researchers have found parasites can do that and have mapped the mechanism they utilize.
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The US is way behind on tracking COVID-19 variants
By sequencing samples from COVID-19 patients, epidemiologists can track the virus as it mutates. (Centers for Disease and Control/) New COVID-19 variants are turning up around the world—but none have made headlines like the so-called UK variant. The mutated form of the virus emerged across the pond in mid-December, and has already been found in 24 US states, totaling 293 cases, according to the C
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Ancient proteins help track early milk drinking in Africa
Got milk? The 1990s ad campaign highlighted the importance of milk for health and wellbeing, but when did we start drinking the milk of other animals? And how did the practice spread? A new study led by scientists from Germany and Kenya highlights the critical role of Africa in the story of dairying, showing that communities there were drinking milk by at least 6,000 years ago.
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Carbon-chomping soil bacteria may pose hidden climate risk
Much of the earth's carbon is trapped in soil, and scientists have assumed that potential climate-warming compounds would safely stay there for centuries. But new research shows that carbon molecules can potentially escape the soil much faster than previously thought. The findings suggest a key role for some types of soil bacteria, which can produce enzymes that break down large carbon-based molec
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Cell 'bones' mystery solved with supercomputers
Supercomputer simulations allocated by XSEDE on TACC's Stampede2 have helped solve the mystery of how actin filaments polymerize. Researchers employed all-atom molecular dynamics to show structural basis for polymerization kinetics at polarized ends of actin filaments. This fundamental research could be applied to treatments to stop cancer spread, develop self-healing materials, and more.
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Fixing global biodiversity policy: Avoiding repeating old mistakes
Global goals for biodiversity must apply to all member states of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) also at national level. This is one of four recommendations for improving the global strategy for biodiversity. The researchers analyze why the goals have been largely missed so far and present concrete policy options.
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Cell 'bones' mystery solved with supercomputers
Supercomputer simulations allocated by XSEDE on TACC's Stampede2 have helped solve the mystery of how actin filaments polymerize. Researchers employed all-atom molecular dynamics to show structural basis for polymerization kinetics at polarized ends of actin filaments. This fundamental research could be applied to treatments to stop cancer spread, develop self-healing materials, and more.
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Consuming omega-3 fatty acids could prevent asthma
New research suggests that a higher dietary intake of long chain omega-3 fatty acids in childhood may reduce the risk of developing subsequent asthma, but only in children carrying a common gene variant. The study, led by Queen Mary University of London, is in collaboration with the University of Bristol and University of Southampton, UK, and Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Where in the world is Portsea?
Great Britain (pop. 61.5 million) is Europe's most populous island. But where exactly is Portsea, number 20 on the list? If you're not afraid of a truckload of trivia – read on. Rabbit holes Maps are rabbit holes. Where they lead depends on how you fall into them. In this case, the trap door was Portsea. This is a map of Europe's 20 most populous islands. The largest ones are familiar, and not di
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East Anglian beetles shed light on UK climate 4,000 years ago
Beetles donated to Natural History Museum found to be 4,000 years old indicating climate used to be warmer Rarely is finding a pair of wood-eating beetles in a dusty cabinet a cause for celebration. But when Natural History Museum curator Max Barclay chanced upon the dead insects, in one of the museum's specimen drawers, he spotted an opportunity to solve a decades-old mystery: why a pair of fore
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Undergraduate, looking for side project ideas
I am currently studying cognitive science with the computer science stream. As theoretical as this degree gets, looking for a side project that could make me practice my knowledge from cogsci and put it to work via programming. Any ideas? Any small idea helps submitted by /u/metoz35 [link] [comments]
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CogSci and statistics – resources recommendation request
I'm nearing the end of my PhD in cognitive science, and I think I've learned a lot in terms of statistical programming and different analyses that can be used for different things, but at the same time all I feel is that I know what I don't know rather than anything else. To be more specific, I keep finding mistakes in work I've done and having to redo it, or more commonly my supervisor finds mis
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Discord server to discuss Human Nature and Science.
Hi all, I've been looking for a place to discuss Human Nature and related science in general to share and exchange with like-minded people that are knowledgeable and/or have similar interests. As I didnt find what I was looking for, I've decided to create it myself. So I created a discord server. To give you an idea of what the server will try to be, here are examples of subjects I wish will be d
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Acid in food puts otters at risk of fatal heart disease
Heart disease is a killer threat for southern sea otters feasting on domoic acid in their food web, according to a new study. Researchers examined the relationship between long-term exposure to the toxin and fatal heart disease in southern sea otters, a threatened marine mammal. "Sea otters are an amazing indicator of what's happening in the coastal environment, not just to other marine animals,
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Epilepsy research focused on astrocytes
A significant number of epilepsy patients does not respond to currently available drugs. Researchers now addressed a cell type in the brain that has so far not received much attention in epilepsy therapy. They describe how astrocytes might be a potential new target to better treat this disease.
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In Brazil, many smaller dams disrupt fish more than large hydropower projects
The development of small hydropower dams is widespread throughout Brazil and elsewhere in the world, vastly overshadowing large hydropower projects. The proliferation of these smaller dams is a response to growing energy and security needs. Their expansion, however, threatens many of the remaining free-flowing rivers and biodiverse tropical regions of the world—interrupting the migrations of fresh
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Is there a link between cashless payments and unhealthy consumption?
The widespread use of cashless payments including credit cards, debit cards, and mobile apps has made transactions more convenient for consumers. However, results from previous research have shown that such cashless payments can increase consumers' spending on unhealthy food. "Why Do Cashless Payments Increase Unhealthy Consumption? The Decision-Risk Inattention Hypothesis," a newly published arti
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Study: Sudden police layoffs in one US city associated with increases in crime
Amid a sharp economic downturn in 2008, police departments around the United States experienced budget shortfalls that required them to enact cutbacks. A new study examined the effects on crime of budget shortfalls in two New Jersey cities—one of which laid off more than 10 percent of its police force while the other averted layoffs. The study found that the police layoffs were associated with sig
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Researchers develop a millimeter-size flat lens for VR and AR platforms
Despite all the advances in consumer technology over the past decades, one component has remained frustratingly stagnant: the optical lens. Unlike electronic devices, which have gotten smaller and more efficient over the years, the design and underlying physics of today's optical lenses haven't changed much in about 3,000 years.
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New report charts path toward superior earthquake recovery
For the last century, seismic building codes and practices have primarily focused on saving lives by reducing the likelihood of significant damage or structural collapse. Recovery of critical functions provided by buildings and infrastructure have received less attention, however. As a result, many remain vulnerable to being knocked out of service by an earthquake for months, years or for good.
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